JS accompanied the steps of the study related to lipid peroxidation measurement. When KI or KIO3 were added to the incubation medium together with Fenton reaction substrates, KI appeared to be also superior to KIO3 concerning their influence on lipid peroxidation in the thyroid gland. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Criteria for the administration of KI for thyroid blocking of radioiodine. 10.1093/mutage/15.4.311, Pahuja DN, Rajan MG, Borkar AV, Samuel AM: Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats. However, KI did not enhanced Fenton reaction-induced lipid peroxidation (Figure3), which is in agreement with results shown in Figure2. ap<0.05 vs. control (in the absence of KIO3); bp<0.05 vs. any other KIO3 concentration. Homogenates were incubated in the presence of KI alone [500; 250; 100; 50; 25; 10; 5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5; 0.25 mM] or in the presence of KI [500; 250; 100; 50; 25; 10; 5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5; 0.25 mM] together with both substrates of Fenton reaction, namely in the presence of FeSO4 [30 M] plus H2O2 [0.5 mM]. Strong iodine is used to treat overactive thyroid, iodine deficiency, and to protect the thyroid gland from the effects of radiation from radioactive forms of iodine. Ingesting or breathing radioactive iodine presents serious long-term risks, including thyroid cancer. Epub 2013 Mar 9. Accessibility However, prooxidative effects of iodine were also demonstrated in experimental models. Google Scholar, Zimmermann MB, Andersson M: Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future. Data are from five independent experiments. These dyes are called contrast agents, and are usually given intravenously before a CT scan, angiogram or other test. 10.1002/jcb.1100, Karbownik M, Lewiski A, Reiter RJ: Anticarcinogenic actions of melatonin which involve antioxidative processes: Comparison with other antioxidants. Eight (8) separate experiments were performed, as it is specified in the Results section. First, human iodine bioavailability from KI is higher than from KIO3 Potassium iodate is an inorganic compound that has the chemical formula KIO3. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. For most people, iodized salt containing 20-40 mg of iodine per kilogram of salt is recommended. Also comparative studies of the oxidative properties of iodate and other halogenate salts, such as bromate and chlorate, have shown that iodate would be of low, if any, genotoxic potential [13]. Values are expressed as mean SE (error bars). Iodine is an essential mineral. Voogt W, Holwerda HT, Khodabaks R: Biofortification of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with iodine: the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce grown in water culture. Nukepills Max Radiation Emergency Protection Kit. Chemical, Biological, Nuclear and Radiological Biological Emergency Protection Supplies. Subsequently, to compare prooxidative effects of KI alone to prooxidative effects of KI plus Fenton reaction substrates, the separate experiment was performed, in which thyroid homogenates were incubated in the presence of KI (in concentrations of 0.25-500 mM) alone or together with Fe2++H2O2 (Figure3). All the used chemicals were of analytical grade and came from commercial sources. Serious kidney damage can be caused by the iodine-containing dyes that doctors use to enhance the quality of medical scans. Thyroid Res 2012, 5: 2432. Data are expressed as nmol/mg protein. Poul JM, Huet S, Godard T, Sanders P: Lack of genotoxicity of potassium iodate in the alkaline comet assay and in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Webif you live near a nuclear reactor or are concerned about radioactive fallout you may wish to stock radioactive iodine thyroid blocking pills. Without adequate iodine, you may develop an enlarged thyroid gland, a condition known as goiter, and be more likely to experience neurological impairment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cautions that you should not take potassium iodide unless you have been instructed to do so by your doctor or by public health officials. Thyroid Protection The electroactivity domain is limited to cathodic potentials by the reduction of potassium ions to potassium metal [20].The redox potential measured for KF/K equilibrium reaction is 1.851 V vs NiF 2 /Ni. Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound that has the chemical formula KI. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( I just received my Iodide via UPS a couple of days ago. Careers. Data are from three independent experiments. Chapter 2020 Dec;62:126575. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126575. Some people may experience allergic reaction symptoms, such as facial swelling, trouble breathing, joint pain and fever. Joint WHO/FAO Expert Committee on Food Additives: Matters of interest arising from the forty-third World Health Assembly. ap<0.05 vs. control (in the absence of KIO3 or Fe2++H2O2); bp<0.05 vs. Fe2++H2O2 (in the absence of KIO3); cp<0.05 vs. any other concentration of KIO3. Fenton reaction (Fe2++H2O2Fe3++OH+OH), being the basic reaction of oxidative stress, is of special significance in the thyroid gland, as both its substrates, i.e. KI is Discreet radiation detection. Different compounds of iodine, i.e. Milczarek, M., Stpniak, J., Lewiski, A. et al. Second Media Inc., 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. WebBetween potassium iodide and potassium iodate, which is better at protecting you from radiation? Potassium iodide is the preferred thyroid blocker for personnel handling radioiodine and is recommended as a prophylaxis for the population in the near-field of a nuclear reactor which would be likely to be exposed to radioiodine in an accidental breach of containment. No differences were found between tissue (the thyroid gland, liver, kidney, muscle, abdominal fat tissue and skin) iodine content or blood thyroid hormone concentrations after in vivo treatment with high doses of either KI or KIO3 Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA+4-HDA level, in porcine thyroid homogenates. Potassium iodide (KI) is the compound most commonly used to protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine. Results are expressed as meansSE. ap<0.05 vs. control (in the absence of KI); bp<0.05 vs. KI concentrations 100 mM; cp<0.05 vs. any other KI concentration. The supernatant (200 l) was mixed with 650 l of a methanol:acetonitrile (1:3, v/v) solution, containing a chromogenic reagent, N-methyl-2-phenylindole, and vortexed. Iosat has the longest FDA approved shelf life of any radiation protective agent and meets or exceeds European requirements for purity, quality, safety and effectiveness. Add 01.00 ml of the starch indicator. Magorzata Karbownik-Lewiska. Twenty Eight Years After Chernobyl Use of Potassium Iodide, FDA guidance-potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking. government site. Where can I get KI (potassium iodide)? Help prevent long-term health consequences with safe & stable iodine pills. At the same time, iodine used as KI (in concentrations 25 mM) did not reveal in the present study any toxic effects to membrane lipids and even it prevented experimentally induced lipid peroxidation, when used in the same range of concentrations (5100 mM). In the opposite to KI, KIO3 revealed, depending on the concentration or the presence/absence of Fe2++H2O2, either no protective effect at all or even strong prooxidative action (Figures5 and 6). In turn, KIO3 belongs to halogenate salts, which are known for their potentially toxic effects [5, 13, 41]. There is no point in taking iodine as a precautionary measure to prevent against radiation exposure after a leak or attack on a nuclear power plant. The thyroid only stores iodine for a limited amount of time. And taking too much iodine even the good stuff can be dangerous. However, anti- or prooxidative effects of iodine on the thyroid gland with relation to iodine source, i.e. Homogenates were incubated in the presence of KIO3 alone [200; 150; 100; 50; 25; 10; 5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5; 0.25 mM] or in the presence of KIO3 [200; 150; 100; 50; 25; 10; 5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5; 0.25 mM] together with one substrate of Fenton reaction, namely in the presence of FeSO4 [30 M]. WebPotassium iodide is used in people with breathing problems that can be complicated by thick mucus, such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Bivalent iron (Fe2+) and H2O2, which initiate Fenton reaction, have been frequently used to experimentally induce lipid peroxidation in different tissues [2429], the thyroid gland included [30, 31]. When KIO3 was used alone, it did increase lipid peroxidation in concentrations 2.5 mM (Figure5). Potassium iodate does not possess any direct beneficial effects on oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid, which constitutes an additional argument against its utility in iodine prophylaxis. Includes FDA-Approved Potassium Iodide. NCN) to the Medical University of Lodz (Project No. Data are expressed as nmol/mg protein. WebPotassium iodide is the inorganic iodide most commonly used in high dosage for acute thyrotoxicosis. Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA+4-HDA level, in porcine thyroid homogenates. The surplus of sodium in the American diet contributes to a host of cardiovascular problems, from high blood pressure and stroke to heart attack, heart failure, and more. Taking into account close similarity between human and porcine thyroid in terms of thyroid volume and of thyroid hormone synthesis with all elements and all steps of this process [40], it may be estimated that iodine concentration in porcine thyroid (used in the present study) is at similar level. Aceves C, Anguiano B, Delgado G: The extrathyronine actions of iodine. However, our study is the first one which supports the statement that the use of KI in iodine prophylaxis is more safe than of KIO3, in terms of their influence on oxidative damage to macromolecules. Potential mechanisms of differences between KI and KIO3 effects on lipid peroxidation in thyroid homogenates, observed in the present study, should be discussed. Porcine thyroid homogenates were incubated in the presence of either KI (500; 250; 100; 50; 25; 10; 5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5; 0.25; 0.1; 0.05; 0.025; 0.01; 0.005; 0.0025; 0.001; 0.0005; 0.00025; 0.0001; 0.00005 mM) or KIO3 (200; 150; 100; 50; 25; 10; 5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5; 0.25; 0.1; 0.05; 0.025; 0.01; 0.005; 0.0025; 0.001; 0.0005; 0.00025; 0.0001; 0.00005 mM) without or with addition of Fenton reaction substrates, i.e. Milczarek M, Stpniak J, Lewiski A, Karbownik-Lewiska M. Thyroid Res. Document Supply of potassium iodate 85mg tablets to adults and children exposed to radioactive iodine, or at risk of exposure Microsoft Word 99 KB 9 pages Thyroid tissue was homogenized in ice cold 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH=7.4) (10%, w/v), and then incubated for 30 min at 37C in the presence of examined substances. Before This was pointed out by the US National Council on Radiation Protection and in the December 15, 1978 Federal Register monograph from the US FDA which noted, a number of factors were considered in choosing iodide (and specifically potassium iodide) over other agents such asiodate. J Biol Chem 1951, 191: 677682. [7, 8]. The electrochemical behavior of FLiNaK molten salt is shown in Fig. It is usually taken once a day for as many days as public officials say it is needed. Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA+4-HDA level, in porcine thyroid homogenates. Data are expressed as nmol/mg protein. in the absence of Fe2++H2O2). 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