enzyme lab report discussion
Here is a partial list of materials to help you get started: Your lab report will be in the standard format. 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This activity provides the opportunity to discuss the Crosscutting Concepts: "Structure and function" and "Cause and effect: Mechanism and explanation". This inquiry activity can be used as an extension activity. Lab Session - 6 Students learn about how proteins contribute to the digestion of food and to characteristics such as albinism, sickle cell anemia, and hemophilia. An enzyme Then, students learn about the relationship between the genetic information in DNA and the different versions of these proteins. This is a very common enzyme that is present in most living organisms. Solution concentrations, volumes and observations for Experiment 2: The effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. Finally, in test tube E add no deionized water and twelve drops D 9 drops 7 zero drops and test tube K will have 10. rate of reaction, as the available enzymes will be saturated and working at their maximum rate Sample 2: Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. The enzymes found in the human body are naturally occurring. Bio02- Lab 05 other than 37-degrees Celsius are less favorable and have less enzyme activity. Enzymes are sensitive to environmental conditions. The location of the sites relative to one another could not be determined as this would require further restriction mapping using additional restriction enzymes. Answering question 17 should help students understand why they need to test for glucose both in 10 mL of milk without enzyme and in 10 mL of milk with 1 mL of lactase solution. *Lower Dh20 and higher potato extract concentrations allowed for a faster reaction time. Solutions. Samples from various times were used in order to stop the catalysis sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Mapping Organelle Activity By Using Succinate Dehydrogenase Assay Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk. more basic or acidic, enzyme activity lowers. for 10 minutes. In test tube B add one drop of HCI and nineteen drops of deionized water. Finally, the hypothesis for experiment five was One Numbered Bottle containing sucrase or lactase or no enzyme. WebEnzyme Catalysis Lab Report Pre-lab Questions: 1. Table 6. Next add 2 mL deionized water, eight drops of 4. In plants the enzyme is called peroxidase. This means that they speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy. The lactase nonpersistence allele results in substantial production of lactase by infants, but very low levels of lactase in adults, resulting in lactose intolerance. *The chemical reaction was observed with the introduction of catechol to the potato extract (tube 2). enzyme activity. How do they work? Leave for ive minutes for the pondweed to acclimaise to the new light intensity. the digestive and circulatory systems) cooperate to accomplish important body functions. WebThe purpose of this lab was to test enzyme function in various environments. Lastly, in test tube E add twenty drops of NaOH. An enzyme is a molecule (usually a protein) that speeds up a specific chemical reaction. After students have completed the card sort by size, discuss the results and show the animation which illustrates the relative sizes (available at http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/conten/cells/scale/). Several factors afect the acion of enzymes: salt concentraion, pH, Describe what additional research might resolve contradictions or explain exceptions. An enzyme acts on substrate(s) to produce product(s). WebEnzyme Activity Lab Report 521 Words 3 Pages temperature on the enzyme activity was that the reactions rate would increase as the temperature increased until they go over and can no longer function. G 6 drops 7 For example, in the very first sentence he stated what he expected to find and also whether or not the results he obtained supported or failed to support his hypothesis. Institution Affiliation This hypothesis was supported by the rate at which the solutions at 0C 15C slowly reacted, and the rate at which the solution at 37C quickly produced benzoquinone. (2011). Introduction. WebLab 6 Assignment - Enzyme Activity Lab Report complete as bench! Iodine An enzyme molecule returns to its original state after acting on the substrate, so each enzyme molecule can be reused over and over again. When some groups of humans began raising dairy animals, natural selection favored lactase persistence alleles which became more common in these groups. This lab is intended as an extension activity for the Enzymes Help Us Digest Food activity. In experiment 2, The Effect of Substrate Concentration on Enzyme activity, the hypothesis was that the tube with the higher substrate concentration would show a faster and more pronounced chemical reaction than the tube with less catechol. These chemical reactions are know as catalysts. *The reaction rate increased as the pH increased, with a pH of 6 being the best buffer for catechol oxidase activity. correct because the increase in enzyme concentration caused an increase in enzyme activity. 6.
Labeled Recorded pH Intensity of Color 1- 10 All the essential biological reactions in living things depend on enzymes catalytic activity. solution. Harvin 1 Introduction: Enzymes are organic catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions (Tenth Edition Biology Work Book). In simple terms, an enzyme functions by binding to one or more of the reactants in a reaction. The reactants that bind to the enzyme are known as the substrates of the enzyme. Note that glucose test strips do not react with glucose when the glucose is part of the disaccharides lactose or sucrose. Between the times of around 6 minutes to 8 minutes there was decrease in the absorbance. (Lactose intolerance in infancy is very rare less than 1 in 60,000 newborns.) Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that is responsible for breaking down proteins. Because enzymes are particular with what substances they choose to speed up, they only affect a tiny percentage of all the possible reactions. errors that could have occurred during this lab was inaccurate temperatures or times. Table 2. Solution concentrations, temperatures, volumes and observations for Experiment 5: The effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Once all the enzymes have bound, any substrate increase will have no effect on the Enzymes are proteins in living organisms that speed up chemical reactions and are also vital in making sure our bodies can function. Further experiments, involving the constant stirring of the solution, could be performed to test this possibility. stream Instructor Test Bank, Respiratory Completed Shadow Health Tina Jones, QSO 321 1-3: Triple Bottom Line Industry Comparison, EMT Basic Final Exam Study Guide - Google Docs, 1-2 short answer- Cultural Object and Their Culture, 1-1 Discussion Being Active in Your Development, Who Killed Barry mystery game find out who killed barry, BI THO LUN LUT LAO NG LN TH NHT 1, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. In experiment four, the independent variable is the pH level, and the This corresponds with the hypothesis and indicates that enzyme activity is more efficient at pH levels closer to the optimum pH, which is at 7 or neutral. and the leshy parts of fruits. What does the word catalyst mean? accumulaion of hydrogen peroxide. The dependent variable was used by Increasing substrate concentration also increases the rate of reaction to a drops of HCI. Each enzyme acts only on a specific substrate or several chemically similar substrates because only that specific substrate fits into the enzymes active site. March 5, 2021. For example, it might be useful to add 1 mL of water to Tube 1 for greater comparability to Tube 2. Webquestions, and evaluating all four situations in his/her lab report. 5 0 obj 2014 , trimester 1 Problem Statement: Frank cares for his teachers plant at school. Metabolism is everywhere in our life and constantly happening. Also, include possible sources of error. Table 1. To calculate the number of lactose molecules per lactase molecule in question 10a of the Student Handout, we used the amount of lactose and lactase solutions added to the test tube, the concentrations of lactose and lactase in the solutions, and the molecular weight of lactose (342) and lactase (approximately 150,000-300,000). The enzyme concentration was changed by making the enzyme more concentrated than was it is.The effect of enzyme concentration on the reaction was measured by the color change per minute. Buffer pH levels higher than 6 showed a slower and less pronounced chemical reaction as well illustrating the enzyme reactions need for neutrality. Conclusion correct because the data showed that as pH levels become more basic or acidic, enzyme activity Foundation in science A cell organelle is a membrane bound compartment inside all eukaryotic cells that function in a variety of important cellular processes. Use your previous knowledge to plan and carry out an investigation to identify your enzyme. (High substrate, diluted, low enzyme). The enzymes lactase and sucrase are located on the surface of the cells that line each of the villi (enzymes indicated by e). So, in the colon of the large intestine, lactose is fermented by anaerobic bacteria. Enzymes are affected by the environment. Tube 1 served as the control, which showed the production of benzoquinone (yellowish-brown color) and allowed for comparison between the three solutions. bubbles. ATTENTION: Help us feed and clothe children with your old homework! In this experiment, you will be observing the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme Create a zero-degree Celsius water bath in a, E 4 drops 8 In test tube A add twenty This is a Premium document. Pearson Learning INTRODUCTION:
For virtually all infants and for adults with lactase persistence: For the roughly two-thirds of adults worldwide who have lactase nonpersistence: In the small intestine, most lactose is not digested due to low levels of lactase. enzyme activity occurred. You may want to link these extreme size differences to the: If you want to reinforce student understanding of size differences and different levels of organization in biology, you may want to have your students do the Card Sort Activity From Coffee to Carbon (available at http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/conteeetoCarbon.pdf). hypothesis for experiment four was correct because the data showed that as pH levels become is temperature and the dependent variable is the rate of enzyme reaction. The enzyme and substrate would usually fit perfectly together, unless the enzyme loses its shape. It is produced by the cells, Biology Lab: Catalase (Enzymes)
They may also use a glucose solution and/or water as controls. CHIA ZHEN YONG The hypothesis for experiment two was correct because the increased substrate E 12 drops 10, Experiment IV: Effect of pH on the Rate of Enzyme Reaction Lab Partners: Ariana Page A hands-on activity for teaching about macromolecules is "Who took Jerells iPod?--An Organic Compound Mystery", available at http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_edu/waldron /#organic. Its range of optimal pH levels, 6-8, allows it to function in the varying pH levels of soil and those caused by acid rain. This page titled 3.2: Enzyme Teacher Preparation Notes is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Ingrid Waldron. WebKeep one section raw and at room temperature. other potato slice. Make a dilution of the enzyme so that you have 3 strengths of enzyme: Enzymes are proteins, in which it speeds up, Introduction vvO
|]zPGZaoa?g3?6w~h/[3;7aSF^67zLn_6mvm}Ogp4#Z?w'OaQ$LoTxjYz3FXNf4A{CZ+!C activity can be interfered with and enzymes can even be damaged if these conditions change. This is what defines the strength of his discussion section. Be selective, not exhaustive, in choosing studies to cite and the amount of detail to include. In experiment two, the independent variable is of potato extract. Many diferent enzymes 2. The right diagram shows a magnified view of one of the villi; each of the villi is only about 1 mm long. P1 Think about and analyze the methods and equipment you used. Explain how your results relate to expectations and to literature cited in your Introduction. The same goes for temperature extremely high or extremely cold temperatures can decrease enzyme reaction rates, or cause the enzymes to denature altogether. degrees Celsius. substrate matches the activation site and functional groups can bind. The discussion, web-based, and hands-on learning activities presented are appropriate for an introductory unit on biological molecules or as an introduction to a unit on molecular biology. The independent variable for experiment five Then, finally, the complex dissociates from the molecule which allows the release of the enzyme and formed, Final Applied Lab Project: The effect of low pH on Enzyme Activity Introduction
The settling reduced the surface area of the substrate that could be attacked by the enzyme. After five minutes, take them out and quickly Without an enzyme, the activation energy typically is so high that very few molecules have sufficient thermal energy to undergo the reaction; in contrast, with an enzyme, many more molecules will have sufficient thermal energy to meet the lower activation energy requirement and the reaction will proceed at a biologically useful rate. Enzymes are typically proteins and act as catalysts for various, of this report is to determine which catalyst effect the rate of enzyme activity within a experiment. WebEach enzyme has only one substrate in which it breaks down. Place another section in the freezer for at least 30 minutes. The activity reinforces students understanding of the biological functions and food sources of these different types of organic compounds. Restriction enzymes (or restriction endonucleases), originally isolated from Haemophilus influenzae in 1970, are enzymes within a cell that cleave foreign DNA within a specific and predictable nucleotide sequence (known as a restriction site) regardless of the source of such DNA. that some had few lowers. The Discussion should be written after the Results section so that you have a good idea of what the experiment has demonstrated. We Need to Talk About Kevin by Lionel Shriver: Analysis, Francis Bacons New Atlantis: Summary & Analysis, Refractive Indices of Water and Oil: Lab Explained, Hitlers Consolidation of Power: The Night of Long Knives, Solution turned milky-white to clear. (Academy, 2018). Experiment 3Does the Enzyme Lactase Digest the Sugar in Milk? 0785150 In the cells, monosaccharides are used to provide the energy needed for cellular processes such as synthesizing molecules and muscle contraction. J 9 drops 7 (return to Sample 1), Explanation: After his explanation he presents the unexpected results and discusses possible reasons for this data. During a reaction, in the presence of an enzyme, the substrate first creates a complex with the enzyme. and nine drops of potato extract. operates through the structural and conformational complementarity between enzyme and Any color change indicates at least trace amounts of glucose and bigger color changes indicate more glucose. Title of lab report (return to Sample 1), Absorbance: A good discussion includes good ideas and also exact and detailed support of these ideas. Results, Discussion - that you practiced in Lab Assignment 1 (The Ruler Drop Experiment) Lab Assignment 4 (Fermentation Lab Report). room temperature potato produced the more bubbles because catalase works best at a room Enzyme Activity Lab Report The prediction for the effects of temperature on the enzyme activity was that the reactions rate would increase as the temperature increased, until they go over the optimum temperature where the enzymes denature and the reactions rate quickly drops to zero. Become Premium to read the whole document. Repeat by moving the lamp away by 10 cm intervals unil 50 cm is reached. Prof. Ashley Bregman Prepared by: Yordanos Fente In this lab acivity, the enzyme catalase in potato was invesigated. Introduction Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. ), For additional information on lactose intolerance, see Lactose Intolerance, available at, http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseance/index.htm and http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/lactose-intolerance. Enzymes increase the rate velocity of Be sure to include ideas on how to test these explanations (Pechenik, 86). (Zero substrate), Solution turned light, yellowish-brown. 3. An enzyme is a molecule (usually a protein) that speeds up a specific chemical reaction. Prepare another five test tubes each containing ten drops of the 0 M catechol Place all 22 test tubes into Retrieved November, 2020, from Liposuction vs. Abdominoplasty: Procedure, Effects, Results. The discussion section should definitely have a statement of your expected findings (Pechenik, 86). test tube A add twelve drops of deionized water and no potato extract. Abstract: Without the enzyme, the reaction typically occurs extremely slowly or not at all. Extremely high While the substrate is a part of the complex, its converted into the product. Emily Reside Consumption of larger amounts of dairy products in a short time period can result in the symptoms of lactose intolerance. The report usually includes the elements of a standard scientific research paper including a descriptive Title, a short Summary or Abstract, an Introduction, a detailed description of Materials and Methods, a Results section including various tables and figures, a Discussion, and a list of References. A short guide to writing about Biology. The name of the enzyme used in this lab is called peroxidase. This hypothesis was supported by the results obtained. One example of this is the affects harsh environmental factors have on enzymes. They affect the rate of almost all chemical reactions In conclusion, these experiments have shown that benzoquinone production can only occur with the presence of both an enzyme and substrate. In simpler terms, it is a substance that is used for Prepare eleven more test tubes each with ten drops of potato extract. If you keep the solutions at your desk, you will need four beakers (for each solution and the milk) and a minimum of three graduated cylinders and one transfer pipette for measuring these. 1993. Students design and carry out two experiments which test whether starch and protein are found in some or all foods derived from animals or plants or both. There should also be a comparison of how your actual results related to your expected findings (Pechenik, 86). This overview provides a sequence of learning activities to help students understand that proteins and DNA are not just abstract concepts in biology textbooks, but rather crucial components of our bodies that affect functions and characteristics that students are familiar with. of enzyme reaction. Experiment II Methodology Place all ten test tubes into a 37-degree Celsius water bath for five minutes. I must have tied the preservative nature of benzoquinone with how acidic lemon juice keeps apples from turning brown, so I assumed a low pH would increase the reaction rate. C 6 drops 6 Students engage in recommended Scientific Practices, including "planning and carrying out investigations", "interpreting data", and "constructing explanations". combine potato extract with the substrate solutions and return them to the water bath for ten Next, start at test tube A again, this time counting Apparatus/Materials: pondweed, desk lamp, ruler, clear glass container, water. Campbell biology (11th ed.). Students learn about enzyme function, enzyme specificity and the molecular basis of lactose intolerance through experiments with the enzyme lactase and analysis and discussion questions. Please make sure to identify the unknown and explain why you came to that conclusion. Then, complete a standard lab report with your findings. This reacion was caused reacion was observed as well; however, it was less intense in comparison to the reacion with the Lab Partners: Brenda Gutierrez, Marleen Apodaca, I 8 drops 8 Understanding the activity of enzymes in different muscle types can aid greatly in obtaining more information about other processes such as metabolism of the tissues (Anderson et al., 2012). : an American History (Eric Foner), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Copy and Paste the Gels and tables into lab report, Structure and Functions of Macromolecules, Copy of Cell Membrane Structure and Permeability Lab Report. 10 February 2014 Introduction: { "3.1:_Enzyme_Protocol" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.