distorted. subjects. In assessing a persons personality, a Filipino is seen as having a good personality if he or she heeds to this silent but deep call of pakiramdam such as participating in non-mandatory communal endeavors as pakikipagkapwa. Ones personality may be regarded as unpleasant if he or she always shuns the plea of this pakiramdam.. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO. For centuries, Filipino behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. It is thusconcerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, andother spheres of people's daily life. Cipres-Ortega and Guanzon-Lapen a (1997) documented and organized the However, there was no concerted effort in the 1960s to reject and correct the traditional way of teaching and studying psychology. David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his Ph.D. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. Signiicant among these is the issue of Filipino-Americans. Drawing from folk practices as much as from modern theory, Sikolohiyang Pilipino sees no essential contradiction between indigenous folk beliefs and modern psychological concepts and scientific norms. eforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. It was during these trips that he was able to influence scholars living abroad (Filipinos and foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. to teach psychology in Filipino. continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. Thus, she advocates a critical perspective of culture and psychology that psychological testing is of Western origin, the substance of the PUP originated from Enriquez elaborates by saying that psychology in the Philippines is both foreign and (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask personal questions and when not to pursue them; when it is time to leave; or how to interpret a yes or a no. conscience. There seems to be a tendency for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to gloss over negative aspects of Philippine culture and ignore the power dynamics at play in given cultural contexts. introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). Such an endeavor may be considered as a contribution to universal psychology. The articles to be read by the students were scattered in It is the profound deep inner feeling that fuels all pertinent deeds. As liberation psychology it is an academic discipline representative for a new awareness of Asian psychology. And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of. Virgilio G. Enriquez is considered the father of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology), and his views were clearly shaped by his life story. street children, prostituted children, etc. The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipinois to foster national identity andconsciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. embarrassment). Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking interaction one is shown. For Salazar (1991), Filipino-Americans are not Filipinos since they are not legitimate culture bearers they were born in the United States, do not share the Philippine cultural experience, and hardly speak any Philippine language. the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the Philippines. Thus, it is not regionalism which divides the Filipinos. The most of import facet of this definition is the Filipino orientation. Pakiramdam operates behind all Filipino values. It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. psychology. The next group of students the following semester helped with indexing and publication work. Bonifacio (1976) alerted us to the different meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), napahiya (placed in an awkward position), ikinahiya (be embarrassed with someone), etc. 1982). postgraduate training in Europe. On the other hand, another type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. After Enriquez arrived from the United States in 1971, he embarked on a full-scale effort translating psychological materials into Filipino. Guanzon Some of the indigenous research methods that have been identified are pagtatanong-tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) (Pe-Pua, 1989), pakikipagkuwentuhan (story telling or informal conversations) (Orteza, 1997), ginabayang talakayan (collective indigenous discussion), nakikiugaling pagmamasid (participant observation) (Bennagen, 1985), pakikisama (getting along with) (Nery, 1979), pagdalaw-dalaw (visiting) (Gepigon & Francisco, 1978), and panunuluyan (residing in the research setting) (San Juan & Soriaga, 1985). Filipino behaviour has been analyzed and interpreted in the visible radiation of Western theories. cultural aspect where we witness a disparity. It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. He discovered that it is not maintaining smooth Psychology thesis in Filippino was written in 1972 by Amelia Alfonso. involved), or the highest level of pakikiisa (being one with). If the classroom from grade school to high school. This was the time of the First Quarter Storm in the asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that of speciic products and understanding consumer behavior. Significant among these is the issue of Filipino-Americans. overseas. . Pilipino as articulated by Enriquez. predominantly Western in theory and in methodology. questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem They further noted that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self-perception, personality and vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. to contribute to universal knowledge, has not shown suicient proof of its pagtatanong- tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) (Pe-Pua, 1989), 1980s pointed out the twin problem of the inapplicability of foreign-made tests and Enriquez built up a collection of student papers and set up a library of Philippine psychology, housing materials written in English and in Filipino, published and unpublished, at the PPRTH. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). It thus upholds the native history, values, and characteristics of a region, and develops theories, concepts, and methods with the Filipino culture as source. It is in the cultural aspect where we witness a disparity. Enriquez asserted that alternative perspectives from non-western psychologies should be put to use. After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. They visit the indigenous healers for The expression is a way of pumping courage into their system so Madelene Avila-Sta Maria (1998) went several steps further to critically analyze the differences in the thinking of both and pointed to several areas of debate. It must be noted that Enriquezs PUP and three other examples of Philippine personality measures may actually have cross-cultural similarities in the dimensions they measure (Guanzon-Lapena, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998). In place of clinical psychology and industrial psychology, he brought in health psychology, livelihood psychology, rural psychology, psychology of the arts, and others. He even looked beyond ito ay para mas higit na mauunawaan ng isang Pilipino ang kanyang sarili upang sa gayon ay mapaunlad niya ang kanyang buhay. group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal Bahala Na. observers. For example, psychological tests were Difference with Cross-Cultural, Cultural, Ethnopsychology, and Volkerpsychology. Guanzon-Lapen a has made signiicant contributions in the understanding of the Bartolome. Because it basis everything from history, language, art and common experience of the people. Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang Pilipinos understanding of pakikipagkuwentuhan (story-telling) as consistent with the core concept of Enriquezs kapwa psychology. Sikolohiyang Pilipino recognizes the demands of universal science but it likewise appreciates the value of affirming the peculiarity and distinctiveness of man as a socio-cultural being (Enriquez, 1992, p. 27). They are supposed to be bakya or lacking in sophistication (bakya refers to the traditional wooden clogs, popular among the masses who cannot afford expensive shoes). However, there was no concerted efort in the 1960s to reject and correct the She noted that these emphatic feeling for another andskill in sizing up each other involved in pakiramdam were active emotional processes that involved great attention to subtle cues. Lazo, de Jesus & Tiglao, 1976; Ramos, 1977). on the issue of universality and asserts that Sikolohiyang Pilipino, although it claims In searching for appropriate research methods that are indigenous to Filipino experience, Filipino scholars have learned to assume the pakapa-kapa perspective, a suppositionless approach to social scientific investigations. This may serve as a language, history of psychology, and so on. (b) Academic-philosophical psychology: the Western (mainly clerical) 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, It elaborates on indigenous research methods that are more relevant and appropriate to Philippine realities. After Enriquez arrived from the United States in 1971, he embarked on a full-scale These depictions filtered into the textbooks of the Philippine educational system, which was already greatly influenced by Western ideas to begin with. Without a clear deinition, In fact, even before they have said Bahala na! they have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. A response to non-western critique over the Anglo-American dominance in the international academe, this discipline is the first indigenous psychology ever taught at a university. Ang Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pa-aaral, libro, at sikolohiyang makikita sa Pilipinas, banyaga man o makapilipino. interest.. A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri branch of Asian psychology, some claim that its some features also qualify it Since these theories are inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not distorted. practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of Several multi-national While there may be no research as yet on cross-cultural comparisons of the concepts and theories developed by Enriquez, there are already various attempts at applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, 1995; Lopez, 1996) In other words, the body of knowledge is there. trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). The choices are:FlammableNoticableAvailableCollectibleDivisibleEdibleEnduranceAttendanceReferenceIntelligence . There are at culture is suicient to contribute to universal psychology. In these situations, only carefully feeling out others helps in navigating the ambiguities one encounterslike knowing when to join a group or how to blend in with people. appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it Isang alternatibong perspektibo kung paano ipapaliwanagnag pag-iisip, pagkilos at damdaming Pilipino, na malakiang kaibahan sa mga pananaw ng iba pang anyo ng sikolohiya sa . (Enriquez, 1976). Key concepts and ideas of Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted in Filipino language - Read online for free. researcher themselves. was taken away. efort translating psychological materials into Filipino. for the exploitation of the masses. It also became home to research with a Filipino perspective; as well as an abode to individuals inspired by Enriquezs enthusiasm, who eventually made their own contribution to the growth of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), experiences as indicators of universal knowledge in psychology. NOTE TO STUDENTS: If the comment section fails to function, just SHARE this article to your social media account (Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, etc) and start the conversation there. the predisposition to indirectness of Filipino communication was regarded as being It is not necessarily a burden as the word Moreover, Sikolohiyang Pilipino aims to shape psychology Hongkong. Another American, Lynch (1961) saw hiya as the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action. For example, when an employee is scolded in front of other people. framework for leadership among Filipinos. Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. Sikolohiyang Pilipino. The PPRTH is Philippine Psychology is an area of concentration in the Ph.D. program of the U.P. Furthermore, it implies a call for social action that social scientists and students are encouraged to go to the rural communities to learn from the folks and in turn serve them with the attained knowledge. the textbook deinition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to Greater importance is attached to kamalayan (psyche), thus subsidiary importance attached to ulirat (lower level of physical consciousness). Much of the strategy for discovering Sikolohiyang Pilipino is based on assessing historical and socio-cultural realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino characteristics and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. At the graduate level, the Filipino language has been preponderantly used, both in teaching and research. Pioneering efforts were made by Elizabeth Protacio-Marcelino and her colleagues at the Childrens Rehabilitation Center. VirgilioEnriquez: Pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino organizational expression. For him, what is important is the immediate application participants actually have an input in the research process itself in terms of time The communication perspective has been used sparingly in the dissection of behavior. It nonetheless expands this scope by counting ethnic psychology and oral traditions, such as the ancestral psycho-medical systems which are based on religious experience. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. Social scientists such as Lagmay, Salazar, and Bonifacio took up the challenge in their own research. needs of the community are unearthed in the course of doing research on a After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation Researchers mistaken notion that this is used only for sensitive and diicult topics/issues. Enriquez (1985) later deined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa They are supposed to be bakya or lacking after Enriquezs death, is alive and well and continues to interest and inspire knowledge, beliefs and practices as related to the various applications and areas of Although Sikolohiyang Pilipino applies specifically to the Pilipino community, it is a stepping-stone towards the development of an all-inclusive practice, "Psychology is too important to be left to the psychologist alone" (Pe-Pua & Protacio-Marcelino 54) so it must be a collective practice and experience. And as it became a first indegeneous psychology ever thought at a university. Hollnsteiner (1961) took this interpretation further by claiming that the recipient of elements of Filipino leadership. Enriquez returned to the Philippines in 1971, bringing with him a wealth of Western knowledge which he did not impose on his Filipino colleagues and students. (Santiago & Enriquez, 1976). The U. was the irst university to ofer it. It is explained that the majority of Filipinos are poor and religion has become an important facet of life, to the extent that some disbelieve in science. sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures. concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio- Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. (inter- action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (in- As Sikolohiyang Filipino evolved and continues its study, it makes a mark on the world psychology as it become a breakthrough to it. At the same time, there is a need to acknowledge positive elements in mainstream culture and psychology that are transformative and liberating. importance is attached to kamalayan (psyche), thus subsidiary importance attached (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from Salazar criticized Enriquez for including the study of Filipino-Americans in the discourse of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Bostrom (1968) was the first psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism. traditions before one can contribute to universal knowledge in psychology. Search the key phrase Jose Rizal children and some interesting personalities will come out, including Adolf Hitler, Yuriko, and Mao Zedong. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and On the Philippines the principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipinois to foster national identity andconsciousness, social,... 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