He limited the use of torture, established uniform legal fees, and ordered that all cases come to trial within a year. He created a strong army and the best standing army in Europe. He created a strong army and the best standing army in Europe. The elector also oversaw the establishment of a postal system and the construction of a ten-mile-long canal, uniting the Elbe and Oder Rivers, which increased Berlins trade. Waldemar, satisfied to cross the now-repaired bridge, subsequently did so in good order, leaving behind eight of his cannons. Frederick William, (born Aug. 20, 1802died Jan. 6, 1875, Prague), elector of Hesse-Kassel from 1847 after 16 years co-regency with his father; he was noted for his reactionary stand against liberalizing trends manifested during the revolutionary events of 1848. However, he switched sides again when promised French subsidies did not arrive. Louis, in turn, invaded Germany proper and became an even greater menace. Another consequence of his military ambitions was the alliance between the elector and the nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, that is, between the elector and the Junkers (landowners, who controlled territories in the east). 3. On hearing what had occurred, the elector exulted, I can use this to get all of Pomerania.. The Swedes own 38 cannons, only seven of which were operational, would be unable to assist in the assault. Frederick William the Great Elector. was King Frederick I's grandson, who became king in 1740, and was a mercantilist. Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia. After his wife died, he began to rule harshly. Exhausted by days of hard riding and fighting, the Brandenburgers declined to pursue. Frederick William reacted promptly by marching his armies from the Rhine to northern Brandenburg, and encountered the rear of the Swedish army, which was in the process of crossing a swamp, in the Battle of Fehrbellin (1675). (Shorter Notices). Frederick William, Derfflinger, and the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry arrived at noon, raising the electors total strength to roughly 7,000 horsemen against the equally numerous Swedes. During the subsequent campaign he successfully conquered Swedish Pomerania, capturing Stettin, Stralsund, and Greifswald in succession. He gave the Junkers exclusive right to be officers in his army. Frederick William traveled with the infantry, while the experienced Derfflinger assumed overall command. Funding the military through heavy taxes required building up new industry, such as wool, cotton, linen, lace, soap, paper, and iron. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. Under Frederick I, the family's possessions were unified as the kingdom of Prussia. The ensuing devastation reached right to the gates of Berlin itself. A request for support to the Austrians, however, proved pointless. Frederick William I fight for power brought him into considerable conflict with them In his early years, he even threatened to destroy them, but the Prussian nobility was not destroyed. Mason It was clear to both sides that as soon as the smoke cleared at Fehrbellin, a great shift in the European balance of power would occur. By pretending to lead a Swedish column, Derfflinger succeeded in tricking the sentries into opening the gates, after which the Brandenburgers poured through. He paid attention to infrastructure, especially building the Frederick William Canal through Berlin, linking his capital city to ocean traffic. Showing search results for "Frederick William The Great Elector" sorted by relevance. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind Your prince and captain will conquer with you, or die like a knight! In his zeal, the elector suddenly found himself surrounded by enemy soldiers. Building up his army and his alliances, by the end of the 1650s it appeared that Sweden would be forced to abandon lands claimed by the elector, but France backed the Swedes as a counterweight to the imperial Habsburgs, and Frederick William had to settle with being recognized as the duke of Prussia. [4] In 1666 his title to Cleves, Jlich and Ravensberg was definitely recognized. [kw]Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector (1640-1688) [kw]Great Elector, Reign of Frederick William, the (1640-1688) [kw]Frederick William, the Great Elector, Reign of (1640-1688) Government and politics;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Expansion and land acquisition;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Germany;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Poland;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Frederick William, the Great Elector. ", Upton, George P. Youth of the Great Elector (1909), This page was last edited on 8 December 2022, at 06:17. were members of the highest rank of Russian feudal society. Despite being a lover of war, Charles XI was not eager to comply with the French demand. His lands were still divided, and Swedish power still loomed large. Naturally, neither Wrangel nor his younger brother Waldemar, who at times controlled the army because of the elders recurring case of gout, even considered meeting the request. He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. WebThe name Frederick is boy's name of German origin meaning "peaceful ruler". Read more about this topic: Brandenburg-Prussia, "The Great Elector", Frederick William, 16401688, The French courage proceeds from vanitythe German from phlegmthe Turkish from fanaticism & opiumthe Spanish from pridethe English from coolnessthe Dutch from obstinacythe Russian from insensibilitybut the Italian from anger.George Gordon Noel Byron (17881824), America is addicted to wars of distraction.Barbara Ehrenreich (b. With the help of both the conversion of the eastern Slavs to Christianity and the loose but real political unification of the eastern, Slavic territories under a single prince and a single dynasty in the eleventh century were in the mainstream of European medieval civilization.. After the death of Great Prince Iaroslav the Wise, the powerful principality in present-day Ukraine disintegrated into competing political units. The Swedes gave hardly a thought to their violation of the nonaggression treaty with Brandenburg, considering it a military necessity. Frederick William, German Friedrich Wilhelm known as the Great Elector, (born Feb. 16, 1620, Clln, near Berlindied May 9, 1688, Potsdam), The ensuing attack failed, and the desperate Swedish soldiers held firm. [3], In the conflict for Pomerania inheritance, Frederick William had to accept two setbacks, one in the Northern War and one in the Scanian War. After Fehrbellin, the Great Elector earned the leverage necessary to enlarge his peacetime army against the wishes of the noble estates. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind During the Industrial Revolution; East Prussia 2.0: Persistent Regions, Rising Nations; The Kingdom of Wurttenmerg and the Making of Germany, 1815-1871 He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke; the system is still in use today. Unfortunately for the young king, reality on the ground called his hand. Settling into winter quarters at the end of 1674, the spirits of the Brandenburgers and their ruler were all but crushed. Beachy on McKay, 'The Great Elector: Frederick William of, Review published on Thursday, May 1, 2003. Their mighty empire was extended beyond what its meager resources could defend, and they fought to maintain a tenuous supremacy in northern Europe. Yet this Brandenburg ruler was dubbed the "Great Elector" already, publishing a biography with the same title. Events were particularly chaotic after Ivan's son, Theodore, died in 1598 without an heir. The elector initially allied with the Dutch during the French-Dutch War (1672-1678) French-Dutch War (1672-1678)[French Dutch War (1672-1678)] , but Louiss victories led Frederick William to abandon the Dutch and join France. Despite the cannon fire searing through their ranks, the Swedes charged madly, putting the battles outcome in doubt. For the full article, see, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Frederick-William-elector-of-Brandenburg. He was dead set on retreating across the bridge, no matter what. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Operating independently for the first couple of months, the Brandenburgers were too weak to strike Turenne. He even secretly informed Louis that he would keep the Austrian army behind the Rhine. The French monarch had heard the stories of Brandenburger grit at Turkheim and doubted that the elector would willingly exit the war a second time. The electors succeeded in acquiring full sovereignty over Prussia in 1657. Copyright 1995-2023 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Brandenburger cavalry raced forward, hoping to cut off Waldemar at Nauen, but the enemy proved too slippery and had already passed by. A minor player on a European continent that was still recovering from the cataclysmic Thirty Years War, Brandenburg and its elector were about to change history. Judging the attacking Brandenburgers to be much greater in strength than they actually were, the Wrangels decided against counterattacking Rathenow and opted to withdraw. The elector was perhaps happier with Dorothea, who was more willing to join him in hunting and drinking than was Louise Henrietta. According to Branderburger spies, the Swedes had no idea that the electors army had drawn so close. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. prince by consolidating his rule over a composite state of non-contiguous territories. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg aliases The Great Elector Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm) (16 February 1620 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg [2], This article is about the Elector of Brandenburg. When he died, he left a centralized political administration, sound finances, and an efficient army, laying the foundation for the future Prussian monarchy. Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War, he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of north-central Europe, setting Prussia up for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor. In 1668 he introduced the Prussian General Staff; it became the model in controlling an army for other European powers. Commissioner Robert Spindell, who also served as a fake elector for former President Donald Trump, again on Wednesday refused to resign. Perhaps your interest in this region's Civil War history first led you to make Frederick County your destination. The emperor wished only to protect Germany, and in accordance with this wish he ordered Montecuccoli to act conservatively and engage the enemy only if victory could be assured. was Conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Habsburg family. In contrast to the religious disputes that distrupted the internal affairs of other European states, Brandenburg-Prussia benefited from the policy of religious tolerance adopted by Frederick William. France pressured her ally Sweden to relieve her by attacking Brandenburg-Prussia from the north. Following Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam, bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. It needed only minor repairs before it could be crossed. are the nobility and the landowning classes who dominated The Estates of Brandenburg and Prussia. In his mind, the only solution was to create a formidable military that could compete with the major European powers surrounding him. Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. Frederick William was livid. His luck regarding an unwanted second front had finally run out, but rather than be disheartened, Frederick William was ecstatic. When his father died in 1640, Frederick inherited his titles. In the complex power struggles in Europe starting in 1661, he shifted allegiance by always joining with the weaker party, hoping to maintain the balance of power. The timing for the war was ideal. In fact, opposing the mighty armies of France courted disaster. That miracle was about to occur. The greatest and noblest pleasure which we have in this world is to discover new truths, and the next is to shake off old prejudices. He became rigidly controlled in highly militarized society. Within months of the treaty, he was searching for an excuse to break it. Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. WebFrederick is the home of Riverside Research Park, a large biomedical research park located on Frederick's east side. As Brandenburg-Prussia remained economically impoverished after the Thirty Years War, he hoped to replicate the mercantile successes of the Dutch East India Company. Despite having to traverse the formidable Thuringian Forest, which was still relatively barren of supplies after the devastation of the Thirty Years War, the Brandenburgers moved rapidly, covering nearly 200 miles in 20 days. F.L. The great elector followed a policy of religious toleration, but as much by necessity as by principle. Refresh your browser window to try again. It would be up to another group of Brandenburgers, speeding toward Fehrbellin itself, to block the Swedish escape. 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