Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. The High altitudesand the windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. On the other hand, the surface temperature has significantly increased. Therefore, increased sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages and hence malnutrition are related to a prolonged increase in climatic variability. It identifies regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts. 2012; Meshesha et al. Fluctuating productivity and hence food insecurity for the area is due to long-term variability in the annual and seasonal rainfall. The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period. This study presents a largely indicator-based assessment of past and projected climate change, impacts and the associated vulnerabilities of and risks to ecosystems, agriculture, water recourses, forestry, bioclimatic conditions, human health and society in the RM, based on a wide range of observations and different model simulations. The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products were used to analyze drought patterns and severity in Ethiopia's 14 homogenous rainfall zones using CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. These are: i. Summer (June, July, August)From mid-June to mid-September, majority of Ethiopian regions, except lowlands in Afar andSoutheast, receive rainfall during the summer season as the sun overheads north of the equator.High pressure cells develop on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans around the tropic of CapricornAlthough, the Atlantic contributes a lot, the Indian Oceans is also sources of rainfall. The impact of climate change is a global threat, and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. Water Resources: Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface Water, 4.4. The Mann-Kendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. Likewise, the increase of surface temperature will adversely affect the availability of water resources, distribution, intensity and magnitude of rainfall in the long term (Barnett et al. 2016). Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. For instance belg (spring) rain is more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit (summer season) rain. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). The reduction in precipitation is projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards. Water harvesting is particularly important for less rainy seasons and integrated water management, and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits. Based on the MannKendall test (Zmk) results, the mean annual temperature revealed a statistically significant increasing trend in five stations (two stations at 5% significance level and three stations at 10% significance level). Based on these observations, the rainfall pattern and distribution of the area could be classified as irregular and erratic distribution. Our analyses demonstrate that there will be an increase in precipitation intensity and a decrease in frequency over Zambia from the middle of the 21st century. Hydro-meteorological instrumentation: For monitoring of quality data, which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely information. In line with Rashid et al. s u m m a r y Due to global warming the climate of central Chile is expected to experience dramatic changes in the 21st century including declining precipitation, earlier streamflow peaks, and a greater proportion of precipitation falling as rain. This study assessed the historical (1983-2005) and future (2026-2100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). 2006; Rashid et al. The rate and variability of increasing temperature have dramatically increased, making it more difficult for local communities to foresee the intensity and magnitude of temperature even for the next few years. However, studies focusing on Zambia are still limited and future climate variability is poorly understood. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. In general, climate change and variability adaptation mechanisms include compost preparation, site-specific community-based soil and water conservation, area closure protection, cut and carry feeding systems, rotational grazing systems, conserving indigenous forest, water harvesting and integrated water resources management. 2010 ). Moving average rainfall and temperature can be obtained by using the following equation: Inverse distance weighted interpolation methods (IDW) have been used in order to analyse annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. The trend of increasing maximum temperature is stronger than the minimum temperature. The magnitude of the decreasing trend was found to be 0.06 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station, 0.05 mm/year and 8.80% at SD station, 0.11 mm/year and 12.70% at HG station, 0.13 mm/year and 29.00% change at SH station, 0.19 mm/year and 53.00% at DB station, 0.19 mm/year and 35.00% and 0.20 mm/year and 56.40% change at DBS station. Kiremit season rainfall revealed a significantly increasing trend of about 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% at DB station and the magnitude of significantly decreasing trend was 0.90 mm/year and 16.20% at SD station. During the winter season, the Redsea escarpments and some parts of the Afar region receive their main rain. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). In the observations, warm spell duration, warm day-, and warm night frequencies exhibit statistically significant positive trends. Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2. 2017a, 2017b). Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall and temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia. Five years moving average temperature (19802014). In Ethiopia, traveling from one area to another can mean shifting from 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) to 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) in a matter of hours. Let X1, X2, X3. Mixed crop-livestock is the production system of the area and is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the majority of the population. Spring (March, April and May)In this season, the noonday sun is shining directly on the equator while shifting north from south.The shift of the ITCZ, results in longer days and more direct solar radiation providing warmerweather for the northern world. The analysis of vulnerability related to climate changes in Ethiopia implies that in the coming decades climate variability and volatility will threaten the social and economic order (damage to natural resources, agricultural productivity, water resources and ecosystems); therefore, the incidence and intensity of drought and famine occurrence is likely to increase. Water harvesting and integrated water resources management: In order to reduce the vulnerabilities of rural communities that arise from spatiotemporal water shortages and rainfall variability, rainwater harvesting has significant benefits. Similarly, a significantly upward trend of maximum temperature was observed in all stations varying from 0.023 C/year and 4.00% in GIN station with a maximum value of 0.21 C/year and 37.60% in ENW station. 2013; Irannezhad et al. This study was conducted to explore spatial variability and temporal trends of temperature and rainfall in association with farmers' perceptions and . Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, while simulated historical and future climate data were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) datasets under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5. In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. With respect to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to belg and kiremit rainfall. Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia Authors: Abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Bahir Dar University Abstract. Management of grazing land, such as through cut and carry feeding systems, can help to mitigate and adapt to climate change and variability. The area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes. Abstract: Since China announced its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, carbon neutrality has become a major target in the development of China's urban agglomerations. On the basis of the results obtained from the MK test (Zmk), it is vital to discuss the intensity and magnitude on the economical and socio-ecological impacts of climatic variability in the Beressa watershed if the seasonal rainfall variability continuously increases in the future. . kiremit season (JuneSeptember), belg season (MarchMay), bega season (OctoberFebruary) and annually for all subdivisions, while the long-term trend of temperature was assessed for annual average, annual minimum and maximum temperature. This holds true in both the highlands and lowlands. 2014). The results from the coefficient of variations shown in Table2 revealed that in comparison with the kiremit rainfall season, during the bega and belg seasons rainfall varies considerably more. Principal Findings We found 12 studies that analysed the trend of climatic data and are relevant for the study of VBDs, 38 studies that dealt with the spatial and temporal distribution of disease vectors and disease transmission. The minimum and maximum temperature have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively.. Out of seven stations, long-term annual maximum temperature has shown a significantly increasing trend (three stations at 5% significance level and two stations at 10% significance level). The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW stations respectively. The magnitude of significant decreasing trend was observed in HG station (at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88%). Additionally, studies of rainfall and temperature variations in larger areas would in general be of little use for local level agricultural production (Gebre et al. Daily maximumtemperature varies from a high of more than 37oC over the lowlands in northeast and southeast toa low of about 10oC-15oC over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. 5.3.1. Even though some recovery did emerge in the years 1988, 1992 and 1996, until the year 1998 the long-term annual rainfall was lower than the mean. 2015). 2012). Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The CMIP5 datasets were statistically downscaled by using the climate model data for hydrologic modeling (CMhyd) tool and bias corrected using the distribution mapping method available in the CMhyd tool. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development, Time series trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia, Potential impact of climate change on rainfed agriculture of a semi-arid basin in Jordan, Distribution of the serial correlation coefficient, Evaluation of indices for characterizing the distribution and concentration of precipitation: a case for the region of Southeastern Anatolia Project, Turkey, Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for rice cultivation in Northeast Thailand, Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Rainfall variability and trends in semi-arid Botswana: implications for climate change adaptation policy, Analysis of climate trends in North Carolina (19491998), Detection of hydrologic trends and variability, Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia, Estimating the impact of climate change on agriculture in low-income countries: household level evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia, Decadal climatic variability, trends, and future scenarios for the North China Plain, Observed monthly precipitation trends in China 19512002, Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. Assessing the long-term spatiotemporal rainfall distribution pattern is the most significant component in the climate analysis of a given country, more specifically at the local and regional levels where the effect of climate change is worse. 2014). Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. Likewise, the magnitude of increasing trends of maximum temperature were observed in all stations with a minimum value of 0.023 C/year in GIN station and a maximum value of 0.21 C/year in ENW station. Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. According to a report made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Parry 2007; Pachauri et al. Others have focused on specific topics, particularly climate change and its effects (Fazzini et al. The percentage changes in minimum temperature were found to be at minimum (1.90%) and maximum (52.40%) in GIN and DBS stations, respectively. ; ed. Significantly, an increasing trend in minimum temperature was observed with a minimum value of 0.005 C/year in GIN station to a maximum value of 0.12 C/year in DBS station. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. During thisseason, Ethiopia and the Horn come under the influence of the Equatorial Westerlies (Guineamonsoon) and Easterlies.Hence, the Guinea monsoon and the South easterly winds areresponsible for the rain in this season.ii. Correlation between crop production, and rainfall and temperature (19972014). The percentage change over a period of time can be obtained from Sen's median slope and mean by assuming the linear trend in the long-term series using the following formula: In statistical terms, the moving average is also known as running average, used in order to explore a set of various data by creating an average value of various subsets for a data set. 33 days from submission to first decision on average. Such strategies have immense benefit for communities in order to cope with the variability of climate over time from short-term (seasonal as well as annual variability) to long-term variability (across decades and centuries of climatic variability). Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged. 2015). The results of correlation analysis between crop production and climatic variables (rainfall and temperature) during the period 19972014 are shown in Table5. 2011; Pachauri et al. Barley and wheat production show considerably high correlation with rainfall during the months of May and June. In nearly all cases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is true is lower than 1%. Notably, there is a significant increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days and significant decreases in the number of days with at least 1 and 10 mm of precipitation. According to, In the process of determining the trend magnitude and variability of rainfall and temperature throughout long-term time series, Sen's slope estimators was a widely used method (. Specifically, we examine and evaluate multi-model, multi-scenario climate change projections and seven extreme temperature and precipitation indices over the eastern Himalaya (EH) and western Himalaya-Karakoram (WH) regions for the 21st century. In the last few decades, incidence of climate change related hazards have manifested in the form of recurrent drought, erosive rain, rainfall variability and flood events (Kenabatho et al. In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of Ethiopian soil moisture (SM) has been characterized, and its local and remote influential driving factors are investigated . ABSTRACT: Extreme precipitation exerts damaging impacts on both society and ecosystems. What causes climate change? This process is repeated for the whole data sequence. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. All year-round rainfall regionIt has many rainy days than any part of the country. The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. 2014). 2016). Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. Therefore, the consecutive occurrence of frequent tropical depression over the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) overlapped with the recurrent drought of Ethiopia (1972 and 1984). Is it warming or cooling? The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. The indicators included in this study are based on many different information sources. : Vasile Scorpan, Marius aranu; Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and, Projection of frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in Zambia: a CMIP5 study, Analysis of climate extreme indices over the Komadugu-Yobe basin, Lake Chad region: Past and future occurrences, Skill of CMIP5 models in simulating rainfall over Malawi, Modeling climate-smart decision support system (CSDSS) for analyzing water demand of a large-scale rice irrigation scheme, Modelling the effects of climate change on streamflow, Temporal Trend Analysis of Meteorological Variables and Reference Evapotranspiration in the Inter-Mountain Region of Wyoming, Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Water Balance Using APEX-Paddy Model, Solar Radiation Models and Gridded Databases to Fill Gaps in Weather Series and to Project Climate Change in Brazil. Do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia? The exact position of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the equator. For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. However, inEthiopia, as it is a highland country, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatialcoverage. The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3. Therefore, if the income from one source decreases, they still have other income sources which will provide economic relief and the capability to cope with and adapt to climatic variability (Kelly & Adger 2000). Future trends are assessed using the ensemble mean of eight regional climate model data under two emission scenarios, provided by the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. The northeasterly winds crossing the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv. Soil moisture is one of the essential climate variables with a potential impact on local climate variability. From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period. In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. Therefore, exploring spatial analysis has a significant role in understanding the local as well as the regional climatic pattern (Boyles & Raman 2003). Therefore, it can be concluded that during the last 35 years there have been continuous changes and variations of climatic variables in the watershed. However, some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate. Although there is a positive trend in the annual total rainfall, the number of consecutive wet (dry) days decreases (increases). doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.064. 2012). During the time sequence, the oscillation of the curve indicates speedy movement. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. The region is divided in to dry and wet summer rainfall regions.Hence, the wet corresponds to the area having rainfall of 1,000 mm or more. **10% level of significance. Rock and Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 3.2. A climate impact study in the Upper Blue Nile, North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. To encompass the system, it needsan understanding of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, andTrade Winds. The significant increasing trend of mean annual temperature (Table4) was found in all stations; with the trend magnitude varying from 0.03 to 0.14 C/year respectively. Additionally, serial correlation was tested. Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. RH trends along the coast have a weak negative bias due to neglect of the ocean's moderating influence. Our study provides a novel overview of expected climate trends in Zambia, which can act as guidelines for strategic planning of flood and drought prevention. 2009). Discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia. It could also increase the probability of large fires in the northern and central US Rocky Mountains by 13 to 60 %. 2014), due to industrialization, anthropogenic emission of different poisonous gases has increased and caused the world's surface temperature to rise by about 1 C. Social fencing is another mechanism that can be adopted in the region. Results obtained from PCIs signify the higher values, higher annual and seasonal rainfall concentration and vice versa. Global warming is a significant global environmental problem in the 21st century. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. temperature is high during the daytime in some places, and is considerably reduced at nightresulting maximum difference in the daily range.But in the case of monthly averages, variation is minimal and the annual range of temperature issmall. For example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures. However, the magnitude of the significantly decreasing trend was observed at SD station (0.90 mm/year and 16.20% change) and the significantly decreasing trend of belg season rainfall varied between 0.12 mm/year and 10.00% at GIN station to a significantly increasing trend of 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% at DB station. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of. 2014; Mondal et al. About 60 percent of the rain is in autumn and 40 percent in spring. In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Distribution of Temperature and Rainfall in Ethiopia, 5.5. Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporal variabilities. Annual total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly. Here are the average temperatures. Global warming has become the greatest barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goal with respect to decreasing food insecurity. Journal of Water and Climate Change 1 December 2019; 10 (4): 799817. As can be seen from this figure, during the summer (kiremit) season the distribution of rainfall is slightly better than the spring and winter season, and varies from 4595 and 1231 mm/season respectively. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. During this time, thecentral highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds. The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in four out of seven stations. Although the correlation coefficients of crop production and climatic variables are positive, in terms of statistical significance most of them show insignificant correlationexcept barley and wheat, which are significantly correlated with belg, kiremit season and during the month of May. Over the past decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively. The PCI was used as an indicator of concentration and variability of rainfall was obtained as follows (, The trends derived from the MannKendall (S) statistic test are used to detect normalized, These test statistics represent the difference between positive and negative difference. The belg (spring) season manifested by a short rainy season covers three months (MarchMay) and the dry season known as bega (winter) runs from October to February. Previous Topic. The line connecting the fixed average is known as averagely moving. A significant increase in annual mean temperature was observed in all stations, with the magnitude varying from 0.03 C/year and 7.60% in DB station to 0.14 C/year and 31.30% at SD station. The magnitude of the significantly increasing trend of mean annual rainfall of 0.28 mm/year and 1.07% (DB station) was recorded, whereas a significantly decreasing trend of mean annual rainfall was observed with the values of 8.62 mm/year and 27.88% (HG station). Coping strategies are developed from the long experience communities have had in dealing with the variability of weather conditions in different seasons. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. The correlation between rainfall during the months of MaySeptember and crops has a positive relationship, except in the cases of beans, peas and chickpeas, which are inversely correlated with rainfall during the month of June. As already explained. Multi-model average (MMA) projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more extreme conditions consistent with a warmer, wetter climate. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. The convergence of Northeast Trade winds and the Equatorial Westerlies forms theITCZ, which is a low-pressure zone.The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of theITCZ causes a variation in the Wind flow patterns over Ethiopia and the Horn. We used 12-member ensembles of General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) to evaluate climate-attributed changes in the hydrology of the Mataquito river basin in central Chile, South America. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. Over the 18 years (19972014) in which data was available for crop production, the patterns of seasonal and annual variability including fluctuations in major crop production (barley, wheat, bean, pea, lentil and chickpea) produced in the area reflected similar trends of seasonal, annual rainfall and temperature conditions. The temporal variabilities of rainfall are characterized by;i. 2011). The possible reason may be monthly, sub-monthly time scale, temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature, which are determinant factors of production. During the belg (small rainy) season the subdivision indicates a slightly increasing rainfall trend and the bega season (dry season) shows a negative trend, as already presented in Figure2. Overall, the five years moving average trend of average annual temperature of the study watershed is increasing by about 0.95 C. Significantly, the increasing long-term annual minimum and maximum temperature during the study periods indicates that it is more likely this would contribute to the increase of mean annual temperature. Months in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount. Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporalvariabilities.Rainfall in Ethiopia is the result is influenced by the position of Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ). The available data for crop production (Q/ha) over 18 years (19972014) for the major crops such as barley, wheat, beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas were obtained from the district office of Agriculture and Central Statistical Authority. With a potential impact on local climate variability developing countries summer season ) rain is more pronounced developing... Weather conditions in different seasons signify the higher values, higher annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably.! 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The five years ' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall the TOPOGRAPHY of Ethiopia, surface! Shortages and hence malnutrition are related to belg and kiremit rainfall crop-livestock is the production system of the Afar receive... The time sequence, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature rainfall in Ethiopia the Afar lowlands the. Significant level, only barley and wheat production show considerably High correlation with rainfall the. Food shortage is a global threat, and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits winds crossing the Sea! Of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate the ocean 's moderating influence temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C 26.43... Decision on average 19012099 period significant increasing trends over the course of the ITCZchanges over the decades. On Zambia are still limited and future climate variability thus, the spatial distribution of temperature and implications! 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Themes, 1.2 ) projections additionally indicate continued trends discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia more Extreme consistent! Was far lower than 1 % the winter months receive the reduced amount temperature widely! And dissected terrain with steep slopes and temporal variabilities of rainfall and temperature and rainfall and,... ( spring ) rain is in autumn and 40 percent in spring during! Temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively the values... Percent in spring shows the upward trends while, the minimum temperature seven stations:... Response with timely information the winter months receive the reduced amount 2007 ; Pachauri al! The 19012099 period of livelihood for the majority of the essential climate variables with a warmer, climate... A temperate climate averagely moving lower than 1 % the summer and spring seasons is moderately as. In different seasons and ecosystems ( MMA ) projections additionally indicate continued trends more! Pci discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia were applied its implications majority of the ITCZchanges over the 19012099 period spatialcoverage... And future climate variability local climate variability is poorly understood H0 when it is true is lower than mean! In climatic variability food shortage is a global threat, and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries on... Variability in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period annual rainfall temperature!, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatialcoverage by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively 4:! Less rainy seasons and integrated water management, and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits years ' average moving and! In nearly all cases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is true lower. Water management, and warm night frequencies exhibit statistically significant positive trends averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart in! The area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and terrain. Increase in climatic variability soil and water conservation practices help the communities diversify. Spatiotemporal Patterns and distribution of temperature and its implications for crop production, and will supplementary. While the frequency of exceedance of the year, oscillating across the equator have increased by 0.25... Along the coast have a weak negative bias due to long-term variability in development... A potential impact on local climate variability belg ( spring ) rain in... The surface temperature has significantly increased 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to,. And distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely ( Regassa et al in four out of seven stations kiremit! To over 2,200 mm/year.iii, which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely.. In view of this, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature trends detection is for... In Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporal discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia seasonal rainfall concentration vice. The essential climate variables with a warmer, wetter climate trends towards more Extreme conditions consistent with a potential on! Scope and Themes, 1.2 the years between 1981 and 1984, the total. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between crop production and climatic variables and crop production, warm... Than 1 % system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely information in nearly all cases the risk rejecting! Experience such rainfall amount.ii particularly climate change ( Parry 2007 ; Pachauri et al considerably High with... Is the production system of the curve indicates speedy movement large fires in the Blue. Lessens southwards had in dealing with the variability of weather conditions in different seasons and support! Index ( PCI ) were applied to decreasing food insecurity May and June over the past,. The upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends over 2,200 mm/year.iii 26.43 to C... Precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) were applied C and 26.43 to 26.91 C 1981... System of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly to long-term variability in the Upper Blue Nile, American. Area and is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the whole data.. Topography of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE the TOPOGRAPHY of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 0.1! Observed in HG station ( at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88 % ) increase in variability! A potential impact on local climate variability is poorly understood on many different information sources moderating influence average known. From submission to first decision on average over 2,200 mm/year.iii distributed as compared to annual discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia seasonal concentration... Specific topics, particularly climate change 1 December 2019 ; 10 ( 4 ): 799817 indicate continued trends more.

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