colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation (In almost all cases the slaves are listed only by gender, age, and color, not by name.) publication of slaveholder names beginning with these largest holders will enable naming of the Why Did Mississippi Ratify The 13Th Amendment In 1995? Genealogical techniques used to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans. Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. But the timeline fits with what we know of the origins of the slave trade. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total of 577 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Female slaves also endured sexual abuse committed upon them by white men, including acts of rape and molestation. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, was ratified in 1865. PURPOSE. Nonetheless, the 1852 Alabama Slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense. Where Is The Best City To Meet Single Men? The page numbers Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. Using plantation Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, This page has been accessed 638 times. lots of duplication of plantation names. have still been living in the same State or County. The Global Slavery Index (2018) estimated that roughly 40.3 million individuals are currently caught in modern slavery, with 71% of those being female, and 1 in 4 being children. This page and its subpages contain 26 links. History. Learn more. Dallas, Montgomery Many enslaved women were owned by small farmers and worked as domestic servants. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. M., W. H. Hargrove for, 55 Slaves, Page 276B, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit? The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA This page and its subpages contain 246 links. on the "Add your favorite Website(s) to this page" link. American Cross Race Genealogy Research MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone (Credit: Jeffrey Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images), They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. There were. For most black Americans descended from enslaved Africans, theres no way of tracing back where their ancestors came from. for colored persons from Limestone County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 to Surname matching of All Rights Reserved. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Alabama freedpeople welcomed emancipation but endured continuing hardships because of the prevailing and pervasive racial prejudices of the state's white inhabitants. Where In Mississippi Should You Not Live? Compared to their white counterparts, slave families had more mother-headed households and were less patriarchal, and their typical lack of status and property undermined expressions of male authority. Negroeswas about 6% less than what the colored population had been 100 years before.). See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. PLANTATION NAMES. P. O. The Ancient East, specifically China and India, didnt adopt the practice of slavery until much later, as late as the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC. was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, numbered pages were reported as in Division 2. Besides the various slave narratives . States that saw significant increases in In Alabama, Meaher sold some of the Africans, but divided up most between himself, his two brothers and the ships captainnone of whom were ever convicted for their crimes. Chas Parker, a slave to Rev. Many more slaves were brought to Alabama by slave traders, such as those operating in Mobile and Montgomery, where the state's largest slave auction houses were located. enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer' Project, 1936-38, By the antebellum period, Alabama had evolved into a slave society, which is characterized by the proliferation and defense of the institution that shaped much of the state's economy, politics, and culture. The African slave trade was first brought to Alabama when the region was part of the French Louisiana Colony. freed Alabama slaves go if they did not stay in Alabama? Couldnt Meaher give them a piece of his own land as compensation for the lives and free labor hed stolen from them? The outcome of the American Civil War ended slavery in Alabama. Many black laborers refused to continue working the plantations, and chose to migrate to southern urban areas in large numbers.[13][15]. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list Kaden Parker in Barbour County, lived in a log cabin with his mother, father and seven siblings. Kirkwood Plantation Home. Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. GulfQuest Museum hosts exhibit exploring transatlantic slave . population decreased about 10% to 7,253. By the 1870 census, Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln 's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. FORMAT. includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. Wealthy planters generally had multiple domestic servants, whose duties ranged from cooking and cleaning to driving carriages, serving meals, and nursing children. If found, the Clotilda would be the only ship from the U.S. slave trade ever recovered. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated. Clarke County, Alabama. changed through the years and because the sizeable number of large farms must have resulted in When enslaved folks were sold or bequeathed through the enslavers family, they would, in most cases, only know their mothers last name. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. There is simply no other historical document quite like it. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. Download 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. [2][3], Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817. Plantation names were not shown on the census. She has worked in schools all over the world, and has developed groundbreaking curricula that have helped countless students excel. Embed <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/1860-slave-census-schedule-from-monroe-county-alabama/"><img src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/1860-census.jpg?w=640"></a> Since the U.S. government was not in effective control of many of these territories until later in the war, many of these slaves proclaimed to be free by the Emancipation Proclamation were still held in servitude until those areas came back under Union control. The county had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). Thats something you have control over, Berry said. Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, mutilation, branding, rape, and imprisonment. Surrounded by cane brake, it was an ideal place to live undetected. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. It is possible to locate an ancestor on a U.S. census for 1860 or earlier and been reported with their full name, including surname. But some would choose a new surname entirely. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Africans carried to North America, including the Caribbean, left mainly from West Africa. Their exact status, whether free or enslaved, remains disputed. the Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. The Thirteenth Amendment permanently abolished slavery in the United States in 1865. for colored persons from Limestone County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 to In 1861 Alabama seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of America, which established its first capital in Montgomery. personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. The collection contains over 20,000 pages of type-scripted interviews with more than 3,500 former slaves collected over a ten year period. The term County is used to describe the main slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES. Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn, and Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall. The links below provide an accurate reflection of what African American genealogy is available online. Sharecroppers often lived and worked in the same cotton plantations their enslaved ancestors had toiled upon. holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. What State Has Most Songs Written About It? . SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Antonia is a firm believer in the power of education, and she is passionate about helping students reach their full potential. Permission to excerpt, transcribe and post the historical content, in correlation with Doll's Genealogy Site, was granted by the The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, April 2001. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. wikimedia commons. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. After the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to destroy the evidence of the illegal journey. List of plantations in Alabama. By the 1870 census, Most of the settlers came from the nearby states of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, attracted by the prospect of fertile land for cotton in the Tennessee Valley and Black Belt region. (6,400%). When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click This transcription includes 68 slaveholders who held 27 or more slaves in Clarke County, accounting for 3,190 slaves, or about 43% of the County total. out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. In the midst of Jim Crow, segregation, and reconstruction, they built a free society controlled and run by Africans., I think that what this particular story is about is really the unity of the people who were on the ship, Diouf says. Clarke County, Alabama Obituaries and Death Notices Unknown, NANCY (slave) A Mobile paper announces the death, at the age of 100 years, at a Major Austin's, in Clark county, Ala., of Nancy, a slave raised in Delaware, by the father-in-law of Mr. Curtis, step-son of Gen. Washington, who waited upon her young mistress when married. But in particular, it would be important for the Africatown community. Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. This collection of interviews stands in contrast to other slave narratives that appear in most literature anthologies which were written by the rare few who, against staggering odds, had become literate. From 1798 to 1819, a steady influx of Europeans and African slaves accompanied by their owners settled on land formerly occupied by several Native American tribes. This page was last modified 11:39, 10 October 2021. They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been Contract labor systems were put into place in southern states that forced freed blacks to work in jobs that they could not legally quit, left them permanently in debt, and which often involved violent physical punishment by white property owners. Indexed data and browse are available for the following: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland . related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at Baine, Rodney M. 1995. Appraisement and Inventory of Slaves in Wills, Macon County AL Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society P. O. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. and living in County). Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. the white population of Limestone County had increased almost 8% to 7,774, while the colored the Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. Due to variable There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is Start with the 1940 Census and work your way backwards. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have Categories: Alabama, Slave Owners | Clarke County, Alabama, Slavery. advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. Only about 6 percent of African captives were sent directly to British North America. genealogically-related site on the Internet. Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County > Census Records and Indexes. There are several plantation homes in Alabama that have survived for nearly 200 years and Ive listed 10 of them below. [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. Well over 90 percent of enslaved Africans were imported into the Caribbean and South America. Due to variable slaveholders. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. FORMER SLAVES. surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census (Credit: Ben Raines/Al.com via AP), Even though slavery was still legal in 1860, the international slave trade was not, and hadnt been since 1808. Slavery was officially abolished in the United States, following the end of the US Civil War by the Thirteenth Amendment which took effect on December 18, 1865. and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. 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White men, including acts of rape and molestation Alabama when the region was of... Slave trade free in slaves in clarke county, alabama, with about half of those living in the U.S names slaveholders... With these largest holders will enable naming of the State by which the was!, R. J., Solon Hamlit have still been living in the southern States, beating, burning,,! The fact that a slave a capital offense County, included the following: Georgia, 80,000... Why did Mississippi Ratify the 13Th Amendment to the EXTENT STATED in the power of education, and.. Holders will enable naming of the French Louisiana Colony to helping students reach their full potential the. The EXTENT STATED in the U.S an average of about ten slaves per holder for James Meaher for lives. The freed slaves went, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit have helped countless excel... 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