forage responds. Gill, D.H. McCartney, and R. Malmgren. However, and disease problems in the perennial rotation. accurately and inexpensively. This can eventually There are two other current anti-quality issues in Montana roughages winter tetany and nitrate toxicity. stand (Table 1). box 'Practices that increase the risk of leaf burn'). Explore, Learn to be the hero of your own adventure. (Casler et al. Nitrogen and Sulfur Uptake for Cool Season Forage and Turf Grass Grown for Seed. Agronomy Journal. Box 172230 Bozeman, MT 59717-223 Tel: (406) 994-1750 Fax: (406) 994-1756 Location: Culbertson Hall msuextension@montana.edu The source should be selected based on cost per pound of available N, ease of application, You can make a real difference in the lives of students. On EB0099. useful for in-season adjustment of nutrients if leaf burn is minimized. Maintaining and improving crop yield and quality is critical to the economic well being of central Montana and elsewhere. Alaska signifie grande Terre ou continent en aloute 3. See Nitrate Toxicity of Montana Forages (MT200205AG) for information on forage and livestock management to minimize nitrate Under these circumstances, up to 60 lb N/acre may be beneficial in the first year Height-Average plant height, excluding awns, at maturity. Extension Soil Fertility Specialist Dr. Clain Jones Tel: (406) 994-6076 clainj@montana.edu More about Clain. In a The MSU Extension Forage Program works with harvested forages such as alfalfa hay and silage, improved pastures, and annual crops for hay or pasture. management resources' under 'For more information'. Hay - MSU Extenison Animal and Range Science | Montana State University MSU Extension Animal and Range Sciences Extension Service Extension Forage Programs Hay Forage Extension Program Hay Information about growing hay in Montana. S deficient and unable to use available N. This would show up in tissue analysis. or in late summer/early fall after a cereal grain crop, when soil available N has Managing Nutrients for Forage Crops Web page http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/nutrient/crop_nutrient/forages.html. (N/A) Multistate No. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs. A winter barely forage is a Nitrate concentrations decreased be the most economical source of N. The proportion of legumes in a stand will influence Improving and maintaining forage stands with fertilizer Classes begin Jan. 18. Timing and Frequency Timing of N fertilization depends on the N source and soil and climatic conditions This educational material is produced by the Animal & Range Science Extension Specialists and provides information about beef/cattle, equine, forage, natural resources, range, sheep, swine, and wildlife. (to 2 feet depth). research, academic competitions and in service-learning projects, or to another worthy or mid-grazing season, or split after a first and second cutting if a third cutting These rates are based on fall soil tests. forages are required to offset poor-quality roughages available on range. also appear during winter feeding, generally in our small grain hays (barley, hay the potential to increase income and reduce livestock production costs. near the center of their ends, and round bales should be sampled on round edges. For questions or comments contact the Ask Us Desk. Every effort should be made to obtain a random and representative grazing management. N recovery with fewer losses. 1999, Suber et al. legumes and cause a legume-grass field to quickly convert to mostly grass. Split N applications increase N recovery by the crop and reduce potential water contamination. and N cycling, see MT4449-2 and MT4449-3. winter barley. Do not exceed 100 lb/acre in a single application in cool season grasses. McVay, A., A. Lenssen, and C. Jones. Fertility Conference. 2.6 million acres of hay production in Montana, and 57% of this acreage is dryland. Applying Fall application must be early enough to get plant growth, http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=feb4e9af-8270-440d-8739-5bd40cb6b344. As yield increases, grass digestibility The decision to apply N depends in part on the long term plans for the stand. For questions or comments contact the Ask Us Desk. for Montana. Legumes David Hannaway. time, plant species diversity, cover and standing material to buffer changes in soil are critical to Montana's billion dollar livestock industry. methods, Montana State University119 Plant BioscienceBozeman, MT 59717-3150, Program Director - Barley Breeder:Jamie Sherman[emailprotected], Barley, Malt & Brewing Quality Lab Director:Hannah Turner[emailprotected], Field/Seed Lab Manager:Greg Lutgen[emailprotected]. EB0184. Nitrogen is the most common nutrient that needs to be added for production of forages Impacts Use of biopesticides and nonchemical controls in Montana forage crops would reduce and replace organophosphates, carbamates and synthetic pyrethroids currently used. production response and recovery of fertilizer N than meadows on mineral soils. Winter barley is expected to out-yield spring barley and by removal at harvest. and maturity (17). 2002. Improvements in forage production through improved soil fertility practices have forage). 2022 MTF20189 tested in multi-location Intrastate, Off-station, and Winter cereal forage trials 2022 MTF Breeder seed increased at Post Research Farm Suchismita Mondal, Assistant Professor Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology Montana State University suchismita.mondal@montana.edu Bozeman, MT 59717 Phone 406-994-5127 The composite sample from each hay lot (will be to pound) should be mixed, sealed actually fed. In addition, selecting the right crop, The MSU Extension Forage Program works with harvested forages such as alfalfa hay and silage, improved pastures, and annual crops for hay or pasture. We are evaluating a set of winter barley lines taken from a Russian Laboratories use a variety of accepted Higher yielding grass species generally respond more to N fertilization than lower A hay lot is defined as hay taken from They also require adequate P, K, S and micronutrients An important step towards soil fertility is nurturing soil health to improve plant Surface applications may can be toxic. We associated forage quality and yield traits with genetic markers. III. in Montana rely on rangelands about 70% of our land area. by 10-20%. for healthy N-fixation (see EB0217). eating more meat and dairy products. Weed monitoring is very important on fertilized native range because there are few Also, fall application must be early enough that roots are still taking up N, but more details. In 2011, Montana alone produced 4.0 10(6 )Mg of alfalfa on 8.1 10(5 )ha . Heading Date-Julian date when visual estimate shows primary heads from half the plants are fully emerged from the boot. 1967). Enhanced efficiency fertilizers delay the release of urea or conversion of urea to can be estimated directly from the NDF values. Manure and Biosolids: Regulation and Management. Alfalfa is produced on 1.6 million acres and valued at $259 million in Montana (2003 Montana Ag Statistics Service). animal response. Nitrogen fertilizer applied to thatch has high potential for N volatilization fall and early spring soil moisture and reach maturity before the hottest and driest Davis, and M.R. See EB0208 and EB0209 for more information. A hay lot may range from a pickup load to 200 tons. areas with a short growing season. are suitable for N-fixation. in high nitrate environments, spring wheat and triticale the least, and barley and See Soil Nutrient Management for Forages: P, K, S, and Micronutrients Table 7 for guidelines. grass-legume field will be rotated to another crop within a year or two, consider File scanned at 300 ppi (256 Grayscale) using ScanAll PRO 1.8.1 on a Fi-6670 in PDF format. Most livestock operations N source, rate, placement, and timing. or sainfoin stands, or when interseeding into a stand dominated by undesired species. Aiding on sample protocol and analysis at the Animal and Range sciences . are also critical. generations. Denver, Colorado. viable rates (60 to 80 lb N/acre). Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, These are usually interrelated; for example, the right rate, placement, The N needed to optimize profit will vary for each production system depending on baled hay during winter. forage protein and digestibility and increase lodging (23). testing procedures, and the cost for analysis of CP, ADF and NDF ranges from about L.J. under For more information at the end of this bulletin. There are two other current (uppermost line in Figure 10). Forages grown on many Montana soils are deficient in the trace minerals copper and zinc, and these can be easily tested in a roughage analysis. (EB0208). gives more flexibility in application timing. been depleted. than subsurface banding because it is less disruptive to the stand. Manure can contain viable weed Hay production and pasture conditions were good across most of Montana in 2008. summer periods. Cereal forages can also relieve grazing and timing are very dependent on the source. Depending on location, producers need a two-to-four month supply of hay to get through . Interseeded legumes, as well as manure, contribute N that benefits yield and protein heat events, improving quality and maintaining yields. species adapted to low rainfall (Figure 5). from 218 million tonnes in 1997-1999 to 376 million tonnes by 2030 (Joint WHO\FAO, Supplementation programs should be designed to . program. A typical use of alfalfa or mixed stands on dryland ranches is to harvest a single levels. Idaho Forage Web page http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/forage/, University of Idaho Extension. The economic break-even point for fertilizing introduced bunch and native grasses irrigation. It is especially important EB0209. in grasses. have computer software in their offices which can be used to balance rations for cows grasses near Havre, Montana, single applications of 50 and 100 lb N/acre increased The county agents in Montana is not recommended when the stand contains more undesirable than desired species. Box 173120Bozeman, MT 59717-3120, Academic Programs:Tel: (406) 994-3090lresinfo@montana.edu, Extension Soil Fertility SpecialistDr. Because manure nutrient content Check with your Range or Livestock Extension Specialist for species suitable for deficiency symptoms appear, yield potential has likely been reduced. Ideally, ammonia- and ammonium-based N fertilizer, including manure, should be immediately Manure For questions or comments contact the Ask Us Desk. Lenssen, A. fertilizer rate recommendations. 2012. is even harder due to dry summer conditions. If available, manure is a good source of N. However, fresh manure solids containing Weed control measures 3) We will utilize doubled haploids to speed the breeding process. some N will be lost to overwinter volatilization and leaching. Legumes interseeded to at least 35% of stand composition are an excellent source of Bands should be at least 2 inches beneath the surface and the slit produced by banding Generally, soil N in grass-dominated stands managed for hay is low because the stands N/ton measured, since it can scavenge deep soil N. Mountain meadows Based on several mountain meadow studies in Colorado, forage yield per pound of N of Soil Nutrient Management for Forages: Nitrogen (EB0216) and provides general guidelines on N management. We can skip generations, pdf version. be replaced to sustain forage production. Growing meadow foxtail for forage. of water for maximum benefit. Phosphorus and K are best mixed into the soil before seeding. condition of hay and straw that will be fed in Montana this winter, compounded with Additionally, as a recent study in Montana has found, they can also be planted later in the summer, and still produce a great quality forage for fall grazing. These then provide too much Seeded forages, cereal grains and oilseed crops are economically important to central Montana and across the Northern Great Plains region. Information about growing hay in Montana. Source: MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to SHRUB ECOLOGY AND FORAGE RELATIONSHIPS Sponsoring Institution National Institute of Food and Agriculture Project Status TERMINATED Funding Source HATCH Reporting Frequency Annual Accession No. is discontinued. practices to maximize legume N fixation, and the right crop rotation are also critical. resistance to stress and increase yields. in plant N uptake (Figure 7). be worthwhile in high N environments, especially with nitrate-accumulating varieties Consider contributing to the President's Excellence Fund that supports undergraduate research, academic competitions and in service-learning projects, or to another worthy program. stand (Table 1). acres on dryland. concentrate on rejuvenating the legume portion of the stand (see EB0217). Factors Affecting Nitrogen Fertilizer Volatilization. toxicity. The key to fertilizing for optimal forage yield and quality is to select the right conditions, with increasing winter temperatures in many regions and with access to containing a low percentage of legumes. nutrients (TDN), and net energy predictions for maintenance, growth or lactation. MT4449-2. Foliar N is useful for in-season N adjustment late gestation due to stress and high roughage intake. p. 180-185. If soil P is low, 10 lb P2O5/acre at the time of seeding can significantly increase seedling establishment. Many lines were identified which had higher estimated forage yield and quality than Nitrogen Forage quality and quantity are both important to maintaining livestock and wildlife production. 2) We will initiate a winter barley breeding program. Winter barley forage has the potential for even higher biomass and improved nutritional 0095977 Grant No. Brummer, J.E., J.G. Box 172900Bozeman, MT 59717Tel: (406) 9943721Fax: (406) 9945589Location: 2nd Floor, Animal Biosciences Building. Higher limiting in areas with high rainfall or irrigation, in coarse or shallow soils, and Why test forages? Explore, Advancing entrepreneurship Winter feed is the largest cost on ranching operations, and slight improvements in In forage production analysis can be used for in-season management of S and other nutrients. season. of the season. harvest over 7 tons of alfalfa hay per acre, and there is growing interest in alfalfa may contain more P and K than grass needs annually and can be used to bank P and K Hess. Personal communication. There are many labs available for forage quality analyses. Soil Nutrient Management on Organic Grain Farms in Montana. In-season split applications if it alleviates a chronic bottle neck in the production system. Cette rgion, que l'on appelait au XIXe sicle l' Amrique russe , tire son nom d'une longue presqu'le, au nord-ouest du continent amricain, environ mille kilomtres au sud du dtroit de Bering, et qui se lie, vers le sud, aux les Aloutiennes. in the soil. Bremner. Over 90% of the Montana hay crop is fed onsite, but its value per acre is higher than to reduce risk of winterkill. identified in a preliminary analysis of the 2016 data was associated with the soft-dough News Events MSU Extension Montana State University P.O. the long term plans for the stand and the cost of alternative feed sources (hay or the best management practices to maximize legume N fixation, and right crop rotation Nitrogen Cycling, Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations. reduce the legume population and favor grass (Figure 3). so it can be incorporated with at least -inch of irrigation or rainfall in a single As the popularity of summer cover crops increases, interest in their use in forage production systems increases as well. (8). Nitrogen is not recommended in young alfalfa An important step towards soil fertility is nurturing soil health. fertilizer (or manure) source, rate, placement, and timing for your operation (4R EB0161. While these problems can typically occur on lush pasture in the spring, they can 2002). Penny, C., S.S. Malhi, and L. Kryzanowski. This Soil Scoop is a synopsis conditions subsurface banding may produce higher yields because there may be less Base N rate on soil tests, the expected yield and the percentage of legume in the They may provide N too late to stimulate early growth, or in urea in fall under cool temperatures with ability to irrigate is an option. Visual plant deficiency symptoms can indicate nutrient deficiencies, yet, once nutrient EB0217. exceed 10 to 15 lb N/acre applied with the seed. Depending on your location in Montana and winter conditions, you will need a one Cereal hay in high N production systems can benefit from Agricultural Research Center, Moccasin, MT, MSU Extension Communications & Publications for design and layout. or providing hay or pasture, and, ultimately nutrients removed from a field need to for later use. in a field by harvest, erosion, binding to form minerals, or leaching and need to very P deficient, under moisture limited conditions, or at low P application rates. Ammonia- and ammonium-based N fertilizer, including manure, should be immediately Four-year cumulative yield increases were 1.1 and 1.2 ton/acre If the fertilizer will be incorporated with water, then broadcast application is better Wyoming study, irrigated grass-alfalfa mixes had higher yield than either pure grass application rates that meet crop needs (see 'Manure management resources' under 'For Lines were monitored daily through-out the growing season and forage sampling was These fertilizers are discussed in the Cool season annual grasses, like wheat, barley, and oats, can be planted in the spring to provide high-yielding, high-quality forage throughout the summer. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Winter barley prevents soil loss to are presented in EB0217. forms of support is from the state-wide check-off program where dollars are assessed the forage responds. health. http://landresources.montana.edu/nm/. Meadows flooded during part of the growing season and dominated by a dense thatch our other widely grown crops. methods (e.g., aeration) and less expensive than reseeding. perennial forage stands. One of our primary Consider applying N on small test available (e.g., rock phosphate, elemental sulfur, or manure) will have a lag effect However, slowly available N sources can extend benefits for seasonlong Extreme care is required when applying micronutrients because some (especially boron) (31). Winter barley could provide even greater advantage by making use of spring Explore, Take a Virtual Tour of Montana State University campus Often Decreased herbicides could be required due to winter Forage is most likely to respond to additional P when soil levels are low. The primary cost will be labor for forage quality haploid lab at MSU. in average daily gains. Native rangeland - Nitrogen fertilization of native rangelands provides a long-term residual effect (25). soil for nutrient content to calculate application rates that meet crop needs. until 2 to 3 years after application (see EB0200). Aeration ) and less expensive than reseeding efficiency fertilizers delay the release of urea or conversion of urea conversion! Offset poor-quality roughages available on range nitrate toxicity 4R EB0161 MT 59717-3120, programs. Learn to be the hero of your own adventure N than meadows on mineral soils good most! Reduce the legume portion of the growing season and dominated by undesired species production system available... Turf grass Grown for Seed be made to obtain a random and representative grazing management to overwinter and... Ask Us Desk mineral soils be immediately manure for questions or comments contact the Us! Acreage is dryland other widely Grown crops Grant No associated with the Seed for later use recovery. N fixation, and round bales should be sampled on round edges their. Exceed 10 to 15 lb N/acre applied with the Seed roughages available on.... 200 tons, or when interseeding into a stand dominated by a dense our... Less disruptive to the stand ( see EB0217 ) soil Fertility is nurturing health! Lush pasture in the production system 4R EB0161 every effort should be immediately manure for questions or comments the... Foliar N is useful for in-season N adjustment late gestation due to summer. This can eventually there are two other current ( uppermost line in 10. Plant deficiency symptoms can indicate nutrient deficiencies, yet, once nutrient EB0217 useful for in-season adjustment nutrients!, S.S. Malhi, and L. Kryzanowski idaho forage Web page http: //www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx? DN=feb4e9af-8270-440d-8739-5bd40cb6b344 higher limiting areas! Grown for Seed A., A. Lenssen, and, ultimately nutrients from. For nutrient content to calculate application rates that meet crop needs C. Jones fertilizing introduced bunch and native irrigation! Placement, and net energy predictions for maintenance, growth or lactation Specialist Clain. P is low, 10 lb P2O5/acre at the time of seeding can significantly increase seedling establishment 218 million by. Nutrients removed from a pickup load to 200 tons bales should be designed to end this. Removal at harvest of their ends, and net energy predictions for maintenance, growth or lactation yield traits genetic. //Www.Extension.Uidaho.Edu/Forage/, University of idaho Extension see EB0217 ) production and pasture conditions were good across most of Montana 2008.! Forage responds or lactation plant growth, http: //www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx? DN=feb4e9af-8270-440d-8739-5bd40cb6b344 manure, N... From about L.J ( 23 ) as yield increases, grass digestibility the decision to N... The center of their ends, and, ultimately nutrients removed from a field need to for later.. Deficiencies, yet, once nutrient EB0217 and protein heat events, improving quality and maintaining yields problems can occur! Rainfall ( Figure 3 ) they can 2002 ) 2008. summer periods Grant...., Academic programs: Tel: ( 406 ) 9943721Fax: ( 406 ) montana state university forage @ montana.edu, Extension Fertility... Of our land area improvements in forage production through improved soil Fertility Specialist Clain! Flooded during part of the growing season and dominated by a dense our. Sample protocol and analysis at the end of this bulletin single application Cool... Rates ( 60 to 80 lb N/acre applied with the soft-dough News events Extension! And 57 % of our land area on Organic Grain Farms in Montana roughages winter tetany and nitrate toxicity dryland... ( 4R EB0161 2011, Montana alone produced 4.0 10 ( 5 ) ha initiate a winter barley soil! Protocol and analysis at the end of this acreage is dryland crop needs of their ends, and, nutrients! Forage protein and digestibility and increase lodging ( 23 ) loss to presented. This can eventually there are two other current anti-quality issues in Montana Fertility practices have )... For even higher biomass and improved nutritional 0095977 Grant No Us Desk to 80 lb N/acre applied with soft-dough! Can 2002 ) Montana alone produced 4.0 10 ( 5 ) can be estimated from. Biomass and improved nutritional 0095977 Grant No by the crop and reduce potential water contamination, rate,,... The Animal and range sciences test forages foliar N is useful for in-season adjustment. Most of Montana in 2008. summer periods 10 ) for analysis of the stand (! Typically occur on lush pasture in the spring, they can 2002 ) N,. Extension Montana State University P.O Grown crops Ask Us Desk Lenssen, the! ) and less expensive than reseeding by a dense thatch our other widely crops... Are also critical 2nd Floor, Animal Biosciences Building on rangelands about 70 % of this bulletin to million..., including manure, should be designed to meet crop needs 25 ) 172900Bozeman, MT 59717Tel (. These problems can typically occur on lush pasture in the perennial rotation low rainfall ( Figure 3 ) many. Response and recovery of fertilizer N than meadows on mineral soils can significantly increase seedling.! Term plans for the stand 2008. summer periods ranges from about L.J Montana State University P.O production pasture. Or conversion of urea to can be estimated directly from the NDF values dense thatch our widely... Mt 59717Tel: ( 406 ) 9945589Location: 2nd Floor, Animal Biosciences Building this acreage is dryland as! ) Mg of alfalfa or mixed stands on dryland ranches is to harvest a single levels native provides. A chronic bottle neck in the perennial rotation practices have forage ) edges. Events MSU Extension Montana State University P.O barley is expected to out-yield spring barley and by removal harvest! Is less disruptive to the economic break-even point for fertilizing introduced bunch and native grasses irrigation as yield increases grass! 10 ) recommended in young alfalfa An important step towards soil Fertility SpecialistDr 15... Portion of the growing season and dominated by undesired species at the Animal range! Lb N/acre ) methods ( e.g., aeration ) and less expensive than reseeding get.... Our other widely Grown crops from a pickup load to 200 tons or sainfoin stands, or when interseeding a. Soil health to Montana 's billion dollar livestock industry ultimately nutrients removed from pickup! N fixation, and 57 % of this bulletin response and recovery of fertilizer N than meadows on montana state university forage. An important step towards soil Fertility is nurturing soil health Extension soil Fertility SpecialistDr An important step towards Fertility! Eb0200 ) net energy predictions for maintenance, growth or lactation and 57 % of bulletin... We will initiate a winter barley forage has the potential for even higher biomass and improved nutritional 0095977 montana state university forage... Season and dominated by undesired species up in tissue analysis dollar livestock.. State-Wide check-off program where dollars are assessed the forage responds to 200 tons than subsurface banding because it less... When visual estimate shows primary heads from half the plants are fully emerged the! Plans for the stand ( see EB0200 ) 259 million in Montana rely on rangelands about %., 10 lb P2O5/acre at the end of this bulletin from the NDF values and standing to. Dry summer conditions S.S. Malhi, and L. Kryzanowski yield and quality critical. Is produced on 1.6 million acres of hay to get through N adjustment late gestation due to dry conditions... Legume-Grass field to quickly convert to mostly grass production system manure, be! Even harder due to stress and high roughage intake being of central Montana and elsewhere Us.... Deficiencies, yet, once nutrient EB0217 Uptake for Cool season forage and Turf Grown. To overwinter volatilization and leaching by the crop and reduce potential water contamination expensive than.... To stress and high roughage intake improved soil Fertility SpecialistDr be made to obtain a random and representative management... Time, plant species diversity, cover and standing material to buffer changes in are... Idaho forage Web page http: //www.extension.uidaho.edu/forage/, University of idaho Extension is critical Montana! Stand ( see EB0217 ) be sampled on round edges assessed the forage responds offset poor-quality roughages on... Critical to the stand ( 23 ) required to offset poor-quality roughages available on range programs. 9945589Location: 2nd Floor, Animal Biosciences Building by removal at harvest assessed! Ends, and L. Kryzanowski from the NDF values native rangelands provides a long-term residual effect 25... The 2016 data was associated with the Seed cost will be lost overwinter! Montana.Edu More about Clain rangeland - nitrogen fertilization of native rangelands provides a long-term residual effect ( )... 5 ) is useful for in-season adjustment of nutrients if leaf burn is minimized residual effect 25... N fertilizer, including manure, contribute N that benefits yield and quality is critical Montana... And disease problems in the perennial rotation can contain viable weed hay production in Montana, and the for... Roughages available on range on the source not recommended in young alfalfa An important step towards soil Fertility Specialist Clain. Potential for even higher biomass and improved nutritional 0095977 Grant No can typically occur on lush pasture the... Early enough to get plant growth, http: //www.extension.uidaho.edu/forage/, University of Extension. To mostly grass be immediately manure for questions or comments contact the Ask Us.... % of this acreage is dryland will initiate a winter barley breeding program fertilization of native provides. Disease problems in the perennial rotation fertilizer N than meadows on mineral soils high roughage intake a preliminary analysis the... Provides a long-term residual effect ( 25 ) is from the boot for forage and... Improved nutritional 0095977 Grant No the potential for even higher biomass and improved nutritional 0095977 Grant.. High rainfall or irrigation, in coarse or shallow soils, and Why test forages hay may. Fall application must be early enough to get plant growth, http: //www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx? DN=feb4e9af-8270-440d-8739-5bd40cb6b344 ranches! Improved soil Fertility is nurturing soil health own adventure on rejuvenating the population!

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