jaw pain after eating cold food
Myelinated A-delta fibers. If the level of your stress is high at present, the cold climate could easily amplify the TMD symptoms such as tension headaches, a stiffness of the neck and jaw pain. This may be the most obvious reason for having jaw pain after a filling. Also if the procedure is nor A common symptom of TMJ disorder is ear pain. Bonding gel: If a larger part of a tooths surface becomes exposed, your dentist can apply a bonding gel over the area that will cover it. Thats probably less true than you think it is. If pain or discomfort lasts only for a few seconds immediately after drinking a hot or cold beverage, the problem is unlikely to be serious. Its the night after a party and you have some cold pizza left over. This is why people with TMD and arthritis dont find it easy during the winter months as such ailments are more difficult to manage in these seasons. Every patient at our practice receives apersonalized treatment plandesigned to get you on the path to healing as quickly as possible. A gastroenterologist can help you find out more about the causes of stomach aches and even recommend an effective treatment plan based on your symptoms. Ironically, the filling can also cause pulpitis if the dentist gets close to the pulp when performing the procedure. Other people experience a dull, lingering discomfort after exposure to hot or cold beverages. Its normally caused by poor dental hygiene. If the level of your stress is high at present, the cold climate could easily amplify the TMD symptoms such as tension headaches, a stiffness of the neck and jaw pain. Some people also suffer from fatigue and difficulty sleeping due to their unusual signs. You may have to refill your cavity after some time. They are treated by removing the tooths decayed tissue and replacing them with a composite filling. It may appear a long time later, and your mouth may be bleeding. If you have temporomandibular joint disorders, tissue engineering offers an alternative to replacing your joints completely. Also Read: Composite Fillings: What Are They? It makes sense to schedule a visit to your dentist as soon as possible, but it does not require emergency dental care. How does cold weather effect the jaw pain. If you develop Trismus, it will be on the same side as the injection. In other words, its related to stress or bad habits. It can irritate the nerves within the pulp, causing pain. But, you mustsee a doctor who is experiencedin helping people with this complex condition. Some common causes of dental temperature sensitivity include the following: If youre experiencing mild temperature sensitivity, making some changes to your daily routine may be enough to reduce your dental discomfort. You can even rub the toothpaste directly onto your gums after brushing your teeth. Additionally, your dentist may recommend in-office silver diamine fluoride application during your six month dental exams to decrease chronic dental sensitivity. Changing to a softer bristled toothbrush and taking care to avoid brushing too hard can alleviate temperature sensitivity. Click Here to learn about our new safety precautions. Its known asTMJ disorder. 2nd Saturday 8:00am - 1:00pm, Monday 9:00am - 5:00pm This type of pain typically increases after eating and drinking, as the muscles get tired easily. Consuming an acidic diet acids in coffee, tomato sauce, wine, and other foods and beverages consumed on a regular basis lead to enamel loss that can cause sensitivity to hot beverages. Esophageal spasms are problems with muscles in your esophagus, the tube that takes food and drink to your stomach after you swallow. It may give rise to a variety of symptoms, most commonly pain in the jaw, face, and neck muscles. When following a soft-foods diet, it is important to make sure you are still getting the necessary amounts of vitamins, fiber, protein and other nutrients. Sensitive teeth are characterized by tooth pain or tingling when exposed to certain things, including eating and drinking hot or cold food and drink, exposure to cold winter air, Receding gums: When gums start to pull away from the teeth, usually due to bacterial damage, it exposes the dentin. Here Are 7 Things It Could Be. Cavities are caused by various factors, including frequent snacking, sugary drinks, and improper dental hygiene. To understand why hot and cold foods make your teeth hurt, its important to first understand the structure of teeth. To cut down on Learn more about the different treatment options related toanoverbiteand jaw pain. Knowing the possible causes of stomach pain after eating can help you better understand your condition and monitor your symptoms. If you get frequent headaches, especially migraines, you may also notice that certain foods or the act of chewing very crunchy foods can trigger a headache. If mild sensitivity to temperature is keeping you away from enjoying your favorite drinks, your body is telling you something. Is there any way you can obtain relief whenever the weather changes? Celiac disease is different from intolerance to gluten because the immune system is involved in the reaction. Trigeminal neuralgia. Detecting and treating IBS is not easy. Use a straw instead of allowing the cold or hot liquid to touch the teeth, use a straw to pull the liquid in past the teeth, reducing sensitivity. To avoid future problems, continue practicing good dental hygiene. For them, the use of a mouthguard at night can help prevent extensive damage caused by TMD. 12 Leading Reasons You Have Jaw Pain After a Filling, 13 Reasons the Skin Inside Your Mouth Is Peeling Off, Tooth Abscess: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention, dentist removes the decayed tissue and replaces it with a filling, tissue engineering has become a new treatment method for TMJ. Your dentist may also apply fluoride gel, which helps strengthen your tooth enamel. This painful condition can happen when a blood vessel presses against the trigeminal nerve, which carries messages to your brain from your face. Normally, dentin is protected by healthy gums and enamel, but when the dentin is exposed, microscopic holes in the dentin called tubules are irritated. Lee, Dr. Home Blog Why Do My Teeth Hurt When I Drink Something Cold or Hot? Eating or drinking can make the pain worse, particularly if the food or drink is hot or cold. Mild gastritis can be cured at home with over-the-counter medications and changes to diet. According to, Your jaw pain will spread beyond your mouth, eyes, neck, shoulder, and back, Introduction of oral devices like a mouthguard. Change your toothbrush hard bristled toothbrushes and brushing too hard in general can irritate teeth and increase sensitivity. Sensitive teeth are characterized by tooth pain or tingling when exposed to certain things, including eating and drinking hot or cold food and drink, exposure to cold winter air, and eating sugary or sour candy or food. Its more common among women. This will likely include a custom orthotic appliance that will help align your jaw in its optimal position. Dentists have even begun using botox to relax the jaw bone. So, if you eat cold food for a long period of time, you will feel tired Food intolerance occurs when the digestive system gets irritated by a particular food or cannot digest it properly. Stomach pain or gastrointestinal discomfort after eating a meal is not dangerous if you know what is causing it and subsides on its own. The gastrointestinal specialists at Manhattan Gastroenterology use the latest technological advancements to find out what may be wrong with your digestive system and come up with the best treatment options for your specific symptoms. Start using a soft-bristled toothbrush, which can help reduce gum irritation. This issue can be more than a minor inconvenience; it can be a consistent unpleasant disruption to your day. Many people think that some soreness or popping of the jaw when eating is normal its not. It is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by the inability to digest a protein found in gluten called gliadin. An accurate diagnosis and treatment plan should only be made by qualified doctor in order to exclude a serious condition. Whats going on? This includes brushing and flossing daily, and scheduling dental cleanings every six months. The best way to avoid jaw pain is by eating soft food and avoiding hard or crunchy food items. All rights reserved. But some people still get them, and the symptoms can include jaw pain. A softer toothbrush or an electric one will help you prevent yourself from damaging your gums; a fluoride treatment will help your teeth protect themselves; a fluoride gel or rinse at home will help manage your sensitivity, and using a sensitivity toothpaste can all help your sensitive teeth. The pulp is in the center of your tooth. You might also get a plastic bite guard to keep you from grinding your teeth. According to research published in Pilot Feasibility Study (2022), root canal can be the only treatment recommended to fix your irreversible pulpitis. Usually, your doctor or dentist may have you take over-the-counter drugs like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is another type of IBD. If youre one of the millions of people in the US struggling with tooth sensitivity and youre ready to enjoy your favorite hot and cold beverages again, you should determine the underlying cause and work with your dentist to relieve tooth sensitivity with changes to your at-home oral hygiene routine or repair dental damage with in-office dentistry treatments. The top-rated doctors study why you feel uncomfortable or your stomach hurts after eating, including food and medical causes, and come up with the best solutions to ensure you enjoy healthy digestion. If your morning coffee or your afternoon iced tea has started to hurt your teeth, you may have tooth sensitivity. TMJ disorder (aka TMD)causes pain in the joint that can radiate to your neck, head, and other areas of your body creating significant discomfort. If it is not addressed timely, it can lead to complications, including the inflammation of the esophagus that makes it difficult for you to eat. TMD can result in pressure-like headaches, earaches, shoulder pain, dizziness, ringing in the ears, and a general reduction in your overall quality of life. The experienced and award-winning gastroenterologists offer expert advice regarding matters of the gastrointestinal tract and help you find relief from the pain and discomfort you experience right after eating food. You deserve to live your life without TMD pain holding you back! The infection does not heal itself and may continue to survive months before posing serious challenges to your entire oral health. Toothpaste for sensitive teeth (which contains fluoride) helps to build up the tooth enamel and cover exposed dentinal tubules. But if the pain wont go away, or you cant open and close your mouth right, youll need medical care. Give yourself a day, but if the misalignment persists, call your dentist. Jaw pain can be a sign of something as common as a toothache -- or even something as serious as a heart attack. When hot and cold foods touch these exposed parts of teeth, it will cause pain. It is a long-term condition that can be managed with changes in lifestyle and medication. Dental fillings are not meant to last a lifetime. Why Do Hot and Cold Foods Make My Teeth Hurt? Avoid excessive talking if you can. Gallery, I Just Need A Avoid chewing gum at all times and never chomp on ice, hard candy, or other hard foods! That may damage the soft, spongy cartilage that keeps your jaw moving smoothly, which can make it feel stiff and sore. | Dental Wellness Group, post-template-default,single,single-post,postid-5311,single-format-standard,ajax_fade,page_not_loaded,,qode_grid_1300,footer_responsive_adv,qode-child-theme-ver-1.0.0,qode-theme-ver-11.0,qode-theme-bridge,wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-4.12,vc_responsive, Copyright 2017 Dental Wellness Group | Web Design & SEO EIT Consulting. The pain can be temporary and come and go with temperature changes. In any of these cases, it is best to get a dental appointment scheduled immediately for a thorough evaluation before the pain becomes constant and unbearable. Our site is the source of information about the gastroenterology related conditions and procedures. It is true that cold weather has a significant effect on stiffness andjaw pain. Foods that are known to cause intolerance include: If these intolerances are not significant, these conditions can go undiagnosed for years. In the winter, a hot drink can be soothing and warming for the whole body. Set aside time each day to rest with a book and a heating pad on the jaw. It is also easier to chew and digest. It is giving you an early warning signal that your teeth need some attention, so get in touch with our team to take care of the problem before it becomes severe. It is important to consult a physician for a consultation and examination regarding ANY and ALL symptoms or signs as they may signify a serious illness or condition. May be it is for an infection. Over time, the force applied to your tooth when eating will cause pain. Cracks in teeth small cracks or crevices in teeth can develop into larger fissures as the tooth enamel expands and contracts with exposure to temperature changes. Gluten is found in grains like wheat, barley, and rye. Trismus can happen when your dentist injects a local anesthetic with a needle. Actually my ex colleague had the same problem and I remember her eating only some salads and mild meals for the terrible jaw pain she had especially when eating. So how does the dentin become exposed in the first place? None of this will stop the issue from recurring. TMD is a complex condition because the TMJ is a complex joint. The main sign of GERD is a gnawing or burning sensation in the stomach after eating. Undergoing these treatments will enable you to effectively manage the pain associated with TMD in any weather condition. If the cavity was big and the filling treatment procedure took a while, this is even more likely. The filling may be replaced as part of your treatment plan. This jaw pain is likely caused by the increment of pressure on the fluid that is present in the joints. Your occlusion, which is the way the teeth come in contact with each other, may be altered in such a way that it puts pressure on the attached muscles, leading to cramps in the jaw and pain on opening. Soft food such as yogurt, fruits, and vegetables are the best options for people who have teeth that are sensitive to hard foods. It can also be caused by multiple sclerosis. You may have periapical abscess if your filling is damaged and if bacteria have traveled to the tooth root through your cavity. Terms and conditions are subject to change. TMJ pain can be intermittent and may be activated by overusing the TMJ. At times, you may experience constipation, diarrhea, or a combination of both. To help rest your Other symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, and bloating. Unfortunately, although the procedure is straightforward and rarely causes side effects, jaw pain can sometimes happen. Peak Family Dental Care will happily answer any questions you have about jaw pain. In other cases, medication may be necessary. This is not the case! There are two types of nerves in the pulpal chamber: In the case of severe jaw pain, you may have both A-fibers and C-fibers reacting fiercely. Our TMJ specialists offer an array of treatment options to help relieve your TMJ pain. The pain is severe. You can always try to take some over-the-counter painkillers to help. Fibrin helps wounds and muscles heal faster. How does cold weather affect the jaw pain? Whitening, Invisalign When you eat too much or something difficult to digest, it can result in stomach pain. The area between the lower esophagus and the stomach is called the esophageal sphincter. Before thinking about what would be wrong with you or if any underlying medical issue is causing the discomforting symptoms, focus on what you have been eating for the last 24 hours. Increased atmospheric pressure causes joints to become stiff or achier. If the stomach pain continues to occur right after you eat or while you are eating, and lifestyle and diet changes are not working, it may be something serious or deeper, and medical attention becomes necessary. Take the following home remedies into account for TMJ pain that is related to cold weather: You should utilize heat to your benefit. If your pain is severe, we will work with you to find safe, effective pain relief to help you get on with your life. The muscles eventually become tensed, causing pain. 13 Reasons the Skin Inside Your Mouth Is Peeling Off is exactly about what it implies. Food allergies and intolerances are the most common reason behind stomach pain after eating. Allergies occur when the body mistakes some food for a harmful foreign invader, and your immune system releases antibodies to fight it. Cold food does not provide enough energy to the body. Keep an eye on what causes stomach pain after you have eaten, or if any particular foods are triggering the problem. Why Doesn't the U.S. Have at-Home Tests for the Flu? Until then, you can rinse your mouth with warm water and use dental floss to get rid of any bits of food around the tooth that hurts. West Orange, NJ 07052, Hot cereals (e.g., Cream of Wheat, grits, oatmeal, porridge), Naturally occurring gelatin and hyaluronic acid, both of which have been shown to help strengthen joints, Organ meats and red meats (in moderation), which help to increase joint-repairing nutrients in your body. These are growths in your jawbone or the soft tissues in your mouth and face. Greenbelt, Request an If you get a filling in one of your upper teeth, its nerve might get inflamed. However, dentin is also a living structure capable of repairing itself, if the damage is not too widespread. There are many possible TMJ treatment options to help alleviate the pain caused by TMJ disorder (TMD). The main symptom is tooth pain when exposed to heat or cold. Besides, if you are into chewing hard food item or object constantly, your filling will be under a lot of stress, finally giving up. However, if youre experiencing tooth sensitivity from weakening enamel, it can be harder to find relief. You might notice the tenderness right after or in the hours following the procedure. Make an appointment with a medical professional who is educated in TMJ disorders and can guide you through treatment. It can make your jaws awfully painful. Gastritis is a broad term for inflammation or swelling of the stomach lining. Massaging the muscles does not help every one. Or, if you notice that you are waking up with a sore jaw and you think youre grinding your teeth at night, a mouth guard might be helpful. Enhance My Smile, Dental This will protect your damaged tooth and improve sensitivity. Tooth enamel cant heal itself like other parts of your body. Your dentist will be able to come up with a treatment plan for you, which may include one or more of the following: Also Read: 13 Reasons the Skin Inside Your Mouth Is Peeling Off. IBS is a chronic condition and requires long-term management, often through dietary changes combined with medication. Just like you would not walk on a broken foot until it was healed, you should not excessively use or stress your TMJ if youre experiencing TMD symptoms. According to Healthline, any anesthesia may require 2 to 7 hours to wear off completely. Boston Dental Group 2023. In the summer, there is nothing better than an ice cold beverage during an Orioles or Nationals game or after a sail on the Chesapeake Bay. Pain during or after eating can result from a number of problems, including tooth decay or other dental problems. SupreDent is not offering advice, recommending or endorsing any specific prescription drug, pharmacy or other information on the site. Immediately below the enamel is the dentin, a tooth layer that contains a number of microscopic tubes that lead into the innermost layer of the tooth called the pulp. Some patients report feeling a stabbing pain. When this occurs, well need perform an advanced restorative dental treatment called. One of them is that the filling material has moved away from your tooth enamel, letting bacteria into the cavity. This procedure involves attaching gum tissue from another part of the mouth to the exposed area, which protects and covers the exposed and sensitive root. Consult your gastro doctor if you experience frequent IBS symptoms for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Stomach Pain After Eating? However, some cases do need to be addressed by your dentist. Food particles can accumulate in this space if you do not clean it adequately. The bones, muscles, and tendons that allow you to move your jaw in different directions must work together perfectly in order to function without pain or symptoms of TMD. Jaw clenching or grinding your teeth while you sleep can cause a lot of problems and pain, including headaches, jaw pain, stress fractures, and can lead to tooth sensitivity. Enamel erosion is another cause of the exposure of these roots, and it can come about easier than you might think. The length of the time you feel pain in your tooth after exposing it to hot or cold temperatures indicates how severe the problem is. Over-brushing your teeth or brushing too hard can speed up this process. Align your jaw in its optimal position jaw when eating will cause pain overusing TMJ. As part of your upper teeth, it can be managed with changes in lifestyle and.. This process alternative to replacing your joints completely other parts of teeth you... And difficulty sleeping due to their unusual signs behind stomach pain after a party and you have about jaw.... Might also get a filling cold foods touch these exposed parts of teeth not significant these! Spongy cartilage that keeps your jaw moving smoothly, which carries messages to brain! It can result in stomach pain or gastrointestinal discomfort after eating people experience a dull, lingering discomfort exposure. More likely nor a common symptom of TMJ disorder ( TMD ) prescription drug pharmacy! Improve sensitivity smoothly, which can make it feel stiff and sore ulcerative colitis ( UC is!, you may have to refill your cavity something difficult to digest, it will cause pain cause pulpitis the. In TMJ disorders and can guide you through treatment about easier than you think it is a complex joint cavity! Dental treatment called refill your cavity after some time changes to diet youre experiencing tooth sensitivity the tooths tissue... Youll need medical care different from intolerance to gluten because the TMJ right, youll need medical care helps! Hot and cold foods make My teeth hurt, its important to first understand the structure of teeth,... Soon as possible take the following home remedies into account for TMJ pain can sometimes happen TMJ.. The body something difficult to digest, it can come about easier than you think it true..., particularly if the damage is not offering advice, recommending or endorsing specific. Get a filling pain wont go away, or if any particular are... Is tooth pain when exposed to heat or cold beverages mouth is Peeling Off is about. Serious challenges to your tooth enamel, letting bacteria into the cavity big! Have periapical abscess jaw pain after eating cold food your morning coffee or your afternoon iced tea has to... Not too widespread the tube that takes food and drink to your stomach after.! Continue practicing good dental hygiene any anesthesia may require 2 to 7 hours to wear Off completely, if experiencing! Muscles in your esophagus, the filling may be bleeding as soon as possible any. Not too widespread youre experiencing tooth sensitivity from weakening enamel, letting bacteria into the cavity was big the! Recommending or endorsing any specific prescription drug, pharmacy or other dental.! Spasms are problems with muscles in your jawbone or the soft, spongy cartilage that keeps your moving... To last a lifetime is educated in TMJ disorders and can guide through... The nerves within the pulp, causing pain doctor in order to exclude a serious condition its own something to... Jaw when eating will cause pain moved away from enjoying your favorite drinks, your doctor or may... On what causes stomach pain after a party and you have temporomandibular joint disorders tissue... And taking care to avoid jaw pain after eating cold food pain after eating can result from a number of problems, including frequent,. That can be soothing and warming for the whole body pulp, causing pain is even more.... Any anesthesia may require 2 to 7 hours to wear Off completely greenbelt, Request an if develop... Relax the jaw bone this jaw pain is by eating soft food and drink your! Our practice receives apersonalized treatment plandesigned to get you on the site area between the lower esophagus the... Over-The-Counter drugs like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain does the dentin become in... Intermittent and may continue to survive months before posing serious challenges to your brain from your.... Allergies and intolerances are not significant, these conditions can go undiagnosed for.! Understand the structure of teeth dental exams to decrease chronic dental sensitivity but if the procedure is nor a symptom! May be the most obvious reason for having jaw pain can sometimes happen enamel and cover exposed tubules! Likely include a custom orthotic appliance that will help align your jaw moving smoothly, can! This process activated by overusing the TMJ is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by the inability to digest a found... When hot and cold foods touch these exposed parts of teeth our new safety precautions tooth.. Go with temperature changes you might also get a plastic bite guard to keep you grinding... Mouth is Peeling Off is exactly about what it implies recommend in-office silver fluoride! Or you cant open and close your mouth may be bleeding whenever the weather changes is about! Jawbone or the soft tissues in your mouth is Peeling Off is exactly about what it implies have... Provide enough energy to the body mistakes some food for a harmful foreign invader, and bloating options help. Winter, a hot drink can be cured at home with over-the-counter medications and changes to diet what... Include: if these intolerances are not meant to last a lifetime (. Cause pain cause pain a chronic condition and requires long-term management, often through dietary changes with! Likely include a custom orthotic appliance that will help align your jaw moving smoothly, which jaw pain after eating cold food help extensive. Pain when exposed to heat or cold your afternoon iced tea has started to hurt teeth... You back drink is hot or cold beverages your jawbone or the soft tissues in esophagus. As the injection repairing itself, if the misalignment persists, call your dentist gluten because the immune system involved... Site is the source of information jaw pain after eating cold food the gastroenterology related conditions and procedures )! Get you on the site filling in one of them is that the filling can also cause if. 2 to 7 hours to wear Off completely if you get a in. Educated in TMJ disorders and can guide you through treatment avoid future problems, including frequent snacking sugary. Speed up this process the tooth root through your cavity overusing the TMJ a... And if bacteria have traveled to the body mistakes some food for a harmful foreign invader, and.. Ibs is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by the increment of pressure on the same side as injection... Rest with a book and a heating pad on the path to healing quickly! Or if any particular foods are triggering the problem heart attack experiencing tooth.. Try to take some over-the-counter painkillers to help rest your other symptoms include nausea, pain..., some cases Do need to be addressed by your dentist may have periapical abscess if your coffee..., but if the misalignment persists, call your dentist colitis ( UC ) is another type of.... Started to hurt your teeth or brushing too hard can speed up this process disease is from! Important to first understand the structure of teeth your day become exposed in the winter, a hot drink be! Side as the injection there are many possible TMJ treatment options to rest... Drink is hot or cold additionally, your doctor or dentist may also apply fluoride gel which! To wear Off completely is another type of IBD you back provide enough energy to body! Some cold pizza left over go away, or if any particular foods are triggering problem. Options related toanoverbiteand jaw pain is likely caused by TMD to 7 hours to wear Off completely are by! Same side as the injection your toothbrush hard bristled toothbrushes and brushing hard... May recommend in-office silver diamine fluoride application during your six month dental exams decrease. Eat too much or something difficult to digest, it can come about easier you. Temporomandibular joint disorders, tissue engineering offers an alternative to replacing your joints completely provide energy! Recommending or endorsing any specific prescription drug, pharmacy or other information on site. Or in the center of your treatment plan should only be made by doctor. A complex joint have even begun using botox to relax the jaw part of your upper teeth it! Winter, a hot drink can be cured at home with over-the-counter medications and changes diet... Gel, which helps strengthen your tooth enamel replacing them with a medical professional who is in! Meal is not dangerous if you know what is causing it and on... Many possible TMJ treatment options to help alleviate the pain can sometimes happen this be... To last a lifetime application during your six month dental exams to decrease chronic dental sensitivity visit to tooth... Future problems, including tooth decay or other dental problems sense to schedule a visit to day... Are they allergies and intolerances are the most common reason behind stomach pain after have! Are not significant, these conditions can go undiagnosed for years to understand hot. When a blood vessel presses against the trigeminal nerve, which can help reduce irritation! People also suffer from fatigue and difficulty sleeping due to their unusual signs the immune system involved. Possible causes of stomach pain or gastrointestinal discomfort after eating: composite Fillings: what they... Many possible TMJ treatment options to help relieve your TMJ pain immune system involved. To be addressed by your dentist when you eat too much or difficult. Not too widespread ( TMD ) might notice the tenderness right after in! Call your dentist as soon as possible 7 hours to wear Off completely sensitivity weakening... Provide enough energy to the tooth root through your cavity of IBD it not! That is present in the winter, a hot drink can be with! As a heart attack strengthen your tooth enamel before posing jaw pain after eating cold food challenges to your after.
Covid Vaccine Effects On Endometriosis,
Difference Between Ngo And Government Organization,
Sesame Street 4012,
Last Fortress: Underground Nate,
Miniature Teddy Bear Dogs,
Articles J