Violence in the regions has since displaced over 700,000 people and resulted in at least 4,000 civilian deaths, according to the United Nations and the International Crisis Group. The pro-Biafran movement, led by Nigerias minority ethnic Igbo community, has deep historical roots. n.loaded = !0; Source link, Your email address will not be published. [20], Despite calls by Southern Cameroons leaders for full independence, United Nations' resolutions 1350 (XIII) of March 13, 1959 and 1352 (XIV) of October 16, 1959 called on Britain, the Administering Authority to organize separate plebiscites in Southern Cameroons and Northern Cameroons under UN supervision based on the following two 'alternatives': independence by joining Nigeria or joining Cameroon. The Prefect/ District Officer forms the District Council (Local Government). A few weeks later, Britain and France issued a statement known as the Simon-Milner Declaration, delineating the frontiers between the British Cameroons and French Cameroon. Yellow/Gold stands for the prosperity. Black stands for the People and Culture. 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The biggest city in Eastern Africa is Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, which has a population of approximately 6.5 million people. Consequently, Biafra and Ambazonia loyalists have found common ground in each others movements. The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. I was to be used now only as window dressing and not listened to. European traders from several nations visited Ambas Bay beginning with the Portuguese in the 1470s. Tribal leaders are recognized by the constitution and have tribal authority. [34] In February 1984, Biya changed the official name of the country from the United Republic of Cameroon the name adopted after unification with the Southern Cameroons - back to the Republic of Cameroon. The referendum was held on 20 May 1972 and in the one-party state, the outcome was never in doubt. Chinese domestic instability could encourage the CCP to attack the Taiwanese archipelagos of Kinmen and Matsu. Nationalism and protectionism were already on the rise when COVID-19 shut down global supply chains. The successful joining of the two increasingly violent groups is likely to trigger a heightened response from both Cameroonian and Nigerian armed forces, which already work together to counter a Boko Haram insurgency in the northern regions of both countries. A curated selection of our very best long reads. Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country with a population of over 25 million ( 2019 ). Red disk stands for the blood of those who died for the struggle. Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Cameroon Are Joining Forces Strategically located in the Gulf of Guinea at the hinge of Africa, Ambazonia is bordered to the east . [8], Armed separatists are split into dozens of guerilla groups of various sizes, many of which have joined the Ambazonia Self-Defence Council (ASC) under the Interim Government. Until 1961, the region was a British colony, Southern Cameroons, while the rest of Cameroon was a French colony, French Cameroon. In November 2016, a number of large protests and strikes were organized, initially by Anglophone lawyers, students, and teachers focused on the growing marginalization of English and Anglophone institutions in the law and education. [20] Two reports by English economists, the Phillipson Report in 1959 and the Berrill Report in 1960 both concluded that Southern Cameroons would not be able to continue to finance development and growth as an independent state. Britain established Ambas Bay Protectorate in [] if (!f._fbq) f._fbq = n; Major non-ASC groups include the Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) and the Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF), which both cooperate with the ASC on some level.[61]. Just over the border, armed separatist groups are fighting to carve out Cameroons English-speaking Northwest and Southwest regions into a breakaway state called Ambazonia. [44] At least 17 people were killed in protests following the declaration of independence, while fourteen Cameroonian troops were killed in attacks claimed by the Ambazonia Defence Forces. On the west towards the border to Nigeria the lowlands of the Mamfe basin can be found. [25], Flag of Bui. Countries of Africa: . n = f.fbq = function () { The Nigerians have failed to act, the international community has failed to act, so we have no other choice but to get into an alliance that can better our chances to defend ourselves.. In 2005, the Southern Cameroons/Republic of Ambazonia became a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO) it was renewed in 2018. Black stands for the people, the culture. Flag of the Cameroon 19611975 with two stars representing the two federated states, Federal Republic of Cameroon and 1972 Constitution (19611972), Unitary state and growing Anglophone discontent (19722015), Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999), African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation, Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front, Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", Cameroons Anglophone separatists have created their own cryptocurrency, "Who are Cameroon's self-named Ambazonia secessionists?". The people of Northern and Southern Cameroons under the umbrella of the Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front (SCACUF) finally decided to affirm the independence of the English . The Germans, who had established substantial trading centers to the southeast on the Wouri River delta (modern Douala), and the British, who had extensive interests to the west in Nigeria, both raced to sign agreements with local rulers. n.callMethod.apply(n, arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments) forces and militants fighting for an independent "Ambazonia," a name . The Federal Republic of Ambazonia (Southern Cameroons) is an unrecognised and disputed region located in the armpit of Africa, a crossroad between west and central africa, on the Gulf of Guinea. [27] Along with the new constitution, the country's name was changed from 'Federal Republic of Cameroon' to the 'United Republic of Cameroon'. Delivered Wednesday. The name Ambazonia comes from Ambas Bay. By 1914, the Germans had established control either directly or through local leaders well into the hinterlands of the territory now claimed by Ambazonia, conquering communities such as Nkambe and establishing a garrison fort at Bamenda in 1912. green stands for the fertility of the land, prosperity and growth. } 2 global climate envoy, joined FP editor in chiefRavi Agrawal to discuss Washingtons climate policy, and how it is being seen around the world. This was a violation of the 1961 constitution which stated that the form of the state should never be discussed, Henry Baaboh added. if (f.fbq) return; FRA/1231/22 THE PRESIDENT'S END OF YEAR ADDRESS TO THE NATION, (31 December 2022) Want to read more on this topic or region? . [19], Flag of Equatorial State. Fax number: 240-556-0535 Modern Peanuts of Cameroon: Selling with style. Red Star stands for Strength, bloodshed, bravery and leadership). n.push = n; !function (f, b, e, v, n, t, s) { Grievances of Anglophone Cameroonians date back to 1961, when the region was granted independence from Britain. German explorer Gustav Nachtigal signed key treaties with several prominent kings. [27] The result was a constitution that provided for a federal structure with two constituent states,[28] East Cameroon (former French Cameroon) and West Cameroon (former Southern Cameroons), but which gave power over most critical issues to the national government (dominated by Francophones). Dispatch: Under the Lyttleton Constitution of Nigeria in 1954, Southern Cameroons gained limited autonomy as a Quasi-Region within the Nigerian Federation. Symbolism (Blue stands for Perseverance and liberty. In February 2020, armed Fulani men alongside Cameroonian military personnel attacked Ngarbuh village in the Northwest region and killed 21 civilians, including 13 children. The President of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia (former British Southern Cameroons), Dr. Samuel Ikome Sako, has disowned the allegation that his country was responsible for the recent attack on . Africa Institute of South Africa . White stands for Hope, Peace and wisdom under God. Blue stands for the ocean and rivers, freedom, justice, perseverance, vigilance. Each state has its own legislature, the State Council, which is unicameral and is made up of representatives from each of the districts (LGA) that make up that state. Endeley emerged as leader of the Quasi-Region of Southern Cameroons, with his official title being Leader of Government Business. The star stands for Leadership and prosperity. Midland State Counties (demonym;Midlanda): Flag of Lebialem County. The National flag is raised at federal institutions or on federal property. I still do not understand why the United Nations did not give a third option, Feh Henry Baaboh, a legal expert in Doula, told DW. A Biafra-Ambazonia weapons exchange will bolster the Anglophone separatist movement. This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. Despite a shared religion, the increasing involvement of Fulani in Cameroons Anglophone conflict is unlikely to fuse with the Boko Haram insurgency in the Far North region, and there is no evidence to suggest there has been a merging of the conflicts thus far, according to Akem Kelvin Nkwain, a human rights officer at CHRDA. Delivered Wednesday & Sunday. The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. Black fist stands for power and justice). Tribal leaders have the ability to make laws but must not go against County laws, State Laws or National (Federal) laws. A Ward Councilor is appointed by a District Officer (Local Governor) and must work hand-in-hand for better governance. Since October 2016, protests and strikes related to sectoral demands have escalated into a crisis over the economic and political marginalisation of Cameroon's Anglophone minority. [37], Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", Cameroons Anglophone separatists have created their own cryptocurrency, "Cameroon Head of State's Message to the Nation 2019", "Cameroon Humanitarian Response Plan (March 2021)", Ambazonia War drowns SDF 28th Anniversary, "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis is threatening to spin out of control", "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: The imminent brink of war", "President cracks down on, shuts Anglophone universities", "Cameroon continues its oppression of English speakers", Separatist Welcome Biyas Military Option, Say They Are Ready, "Three Indicted for Involvement in Violent Crisis in Cameroon", "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: Red Dragons and Tigers", https://www.ambazoniagov.org/index.php/about-us/who-we-are, "Cameroon Separatists Enforce Curfew After President Says Troops Crushing Rebellion", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=States_of_Ambazonia&oldid=1134368978, Ambazonian or Ambalander or Southern Cameroonians, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 09:56. Red disk stands for the blood shed by the people for the struggle and courage. Delivered Wednesday. Legally, maybe we can talk about secession or separation., In 1984, President Paul Biya changed the status of the country from United Republic of Cameroon to Republic of Cameroon, Read more:Soldiers in Cameroon shoot dead several independence activists. Ambazonia is divided in 13 counties [65] and 61 Local Government Areas (LGAs). Savannah State Counties (demonym; Savannese): Flag of Ngo-Ketundjia.Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. The Counties are governed by a County-Minister who is elected into office during State election by a Plurality vote. if (DWDE.dsgvo.isStoringCookiesOkay()) { The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. Black stands for the People and culture. Instead, Biya, who has been in power since 1982, has ordered a military crackdown on the protests. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Blue stands for vigilance and perseverance. [17] The County-Ministers appoints Prefects or District Officers to county districts (Local Government Area). Two unequal former colonies became a single federal state; however, the disparities between the two were not addressed. In 1984, a group of English speaking people, led by renowned lawyer and leader of the Widikum people, Fon Gorji Dinka, unilaterally declared the Republic of Ambazonia. This was in retaliation to the move by French speaking President Paul Biya to unilaterally change the name of the country from United Republic of Cameroon to Republic of Cameroon. The Sun stands for a new era. ), Counties are further divided into 61 districts (LGA) governed by Prefects or District Officers. Targeted ethnic violence against the Igbos by Fulani and other northern Nigerian ethnic groups was one of several factors that led to the civil war in the 1960s. Delivered Monday-Saturday. Still, escalating violence in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon will only add to national and regional security challenges at a time when the region is already struggling with plummeting economies, democratic backsliding, and a resurgence of violent extremism and terrorism. Western Africa Map showing the 16 countries of Western Africa Benin Burkina Faso Cabo Verde Gambia Ghana Guinea More ways to stay updated on global news: By submitting your email, you agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and to receive email correspondence from us. Political exclusion, economic exploitation and cultural assimilation were criticized more and more openly. The latest news, analysis, and data from the country each week. Many believe that it is only a return to the country's two-state federation that will end the conflict and break the impasse. Golden Star stands for Leadership).[32]. Watch the full interview for insights on how industry thinks about deglobalization, the U.S.-China rivalry, the war in Ukraine, and much more. The two also discussed climate cooperation with China, the road to COP28, and much else. function facebookTracking() { A development in which Fulanis become major actors, for better or for worse, in a country like Cameroon then gets exacerbated in Nigeria because of its own demographics and population categorizations, said Fomunyoh, of the National Democratic Institute. Exploitation and cultural assimilation were criticized more and more openly 32 ] bolster the Anglophone separatist movement shut! Under the Lyttleton constitution of Nigeria in 1954, Southern Cameroons gained autonomy! Midland State Counties ( demonym ; Midlanda ): Flag of Lebialem County Quasi-Region of Cameroons! 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