Carrie died at the age of 3. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) built this church to the glory of God as a memorial to his daughter, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, who passed away as a result of childbirth in 1889. His half-sisters Mary Esther (16 y/o in 1830), Jane Augusta (14), and Caroline (3.5) were the daughters of his father's first two wives. This is somewhat my case. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. Henry Flagler was John D. Rockefeller's most significant business partner at Standard Oil. But in the aftermath of that battle, in 1879 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania indicted Flagler and Rockefeller on charges of monopolizing the oil trade, starting an avalanche of similar court proceedings in other states and making a national issue of Standard Oil's business practices. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. In 1897, Flagler opened the Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River, overlooking Biscayne Bay. By 1896, Flagler's railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, reached Biscayne Bay. He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. The Washington Post. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. [65] After Flagler's death, she married an old friend, Robert Worth Bingham, who used an inheritance from her to buy the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", Graham, Thomas. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. After their wedding, the couple traveled to Saint Augustine. Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. As you go through the . It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. Only his son Harry survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. It seems that if too many limits had been placed on Henry Flagler's projects, St. Augustine would not be the city we know today. Their efforts to monopolize the oil industry are referred to as the 'Cleveland Massacre,' and though John D. Rockefeller is generally more well-known than Henry Flagler, quotes from Rockefeller credit Flagler with the monopolization idea. According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. But they had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me." After her husband died, Julia and her children returned to Ft. Dallas and purchased 640 acres on the north shore of the Miami River. That same year Flagler completed the Hotel Continental in Jacksonville. In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. In 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and together they were parents of three children. Seasons 4, 6-7. The Zorayda's poured coquina and concrete structure, Spanish architecture, and lavish interior inspired Flagler, who actually tried to buy the building, but was denied. Then, just a few months before the end of the Ponce de Leon Hotel's second season, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died from complications of childbirth. Unfortunately, the Key West Extension is viewed as a business failure having "never earned the expected revenue before the Labor Day hurricane of 1935 destroyed it" (Akin 223). Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. [citation needed], The Overseas Railroad, also known as the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway, was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. Indeed, Flagler's second sojourn to St. Augustine went off without a hitch the recently constructed San Marco hotel accommodated him and Ida Alice well, and he found himself to be amongst peers instead of invalids. When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. Last (and perhaps most importantly), the truth is a hard thing to garner when it comes to what happened in the past even harder than it is today. [20] The New York State Legislature's Hepburn Committee in 1879 conducted hearings in response to the complaints of local merchants that were not involved in the oil trade in order to investigate railroad rebate practices. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. Henry M. Flagler, in full Henry Morrison Flagler, (born January 2, 1830, Hopewell, New York, U.S.died May 20, 1913, West Palm Beach, Florida), American financier and partner of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., in establishing the Standard Oil Company. The Awakening of Saint Augustine: The Anderson Family and the Oldest City: 1821-1924. The family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York to Republic, Ohio in 1844. Flagler and Rockefeller then decided to issue certificates against oil stored in Standard Oil's pipelines. My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. [citation needed], In 1862, Flagler and his brother-in-law Barney Hamlin York (18331884) founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan. He also used labor agencies to bring around 4,000 new immigrants to Florida who contracted to work until their transportation costs had been paid off. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. Carrie died at the age of 3. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. "[24] To the critics Flagler and Rockefeller replied, "In a business so large as ours some things are likely to be done which we cannot approve. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. She was the mother of his three children. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. For the first time, Flagler was able to experience the warm, sunny atmosphere of Florida. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). [33], Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. Flagler completed the 1,100-room Royal Poinciana Hotel on the shores of Lake Worth in Palm Beach and extended his railroad to its service town, West Palm Beach, by 1894, founding Palm Beach and West Palm Beach. Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. (bosses daughter) Mary Harkness (step cousin) 1853. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. Even when a draft was issued in 1862, requiring American men 18 to 45 to join the service, Henry Flagler did not join the military. His attention was consumed by the business of his hotel chains and expanding railroad empire. Finally, Dan Harkness (7 perhaps Henry's favorite sibling), was Henry's mother's son from her first husband. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. Welcome to Ms. Collins, Ms. Bellino, and Ms. King's 4th grade history virtual fieldtrip! After construction for the Ponce de Leon and the Alcazar were underway in St. Augustine, Flagler's railroad properties started to expand southwards. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. Instead, an artificial island was constructed in Biscayne Bay called Flagler Monument Island. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? Henry and Mary had two Carrie died at age three. 101 - 123). Knetsch concludes that "Flagler in fact provided health care for his employees and was a far better employer than the press alleged. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . Nothing major just language that "[made] incurable insanity a ground for divorce.". His lifelong interest was in music and its promotion, primarily in New York City. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. Henry's birth heralded the beginning of a decade and perhaps a new start for his family. At last in 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. the Trust and Non-Profit Organization established by Flagler's grand-daughter Jean Flagler Matthews, to preserve Whitehall, has . He recruited Henry Flagler to join him, and the youth went to Ohio at age 14, where he started work in 1844 at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. According to Florida historian Thomas Graham in his book The Awakening of St. Augustine, an acquaintance of the businessman once inquired about whether his judgment was sound when he decided to invest in Florida (one can imagine that they may not have been acquaintances for very long afterward). As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. [18][19] Standard countered and held back its shipments and, with the help of other railroads, started a price war that dramatically reduced freight payments and caused labor unrest as well. (2022) "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Castleden, Louise Decatur. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. Enamoured by what Henry Flagler had been up to down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine. His father was Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister and great-grandson of Zacharra Flegler, whose family had emigrated from the German Palatinate region to Holland in 1688. It was Henry M. As such, the salt industry was tax-exempt during the Civil War and essential employees were exempt from the draft. 1-17. In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. Not to mention a talented young woman named Mary Lily. Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. Flagler was the only person to be divorced under the law before it was repealed in 1905. Dazzled by the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. They had two daughters, Jennie Louise and Carrie. Les Standiford (Goodreads Author) (shelved 3 times as henry-flagler) avg rating 4.08 3,518 ratings published 2002. Ralph, Julian. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. One of the grain brokers Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. This project sparked Flagler's interest in creating a new "American Riviera." Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. [12], Undeterred, though vilified for the first time by the press, Flagler and Rockefeller continued with their self-reinforcing cycle of buying competing refiners, improving the efficiency of operations, pressing for discounts on oil shipments, undercutting competition, making secret deals, raising investment pools, and buying rivals out. Not much more is known about Henry Flagler's early life. Generally, we are not often able to share specifics about the man himself. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. [23] The firm was attacked by journalists and politicians throughout its existence, in part for these monopolistic methods, giving momentum to the antitrust movement. Due to the harsh working and living conditions in the railway construction camps, many workers became victims of debt slavery. Rockefeller. She left the millions she inherited to members of her family and to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine that Flagler bought from Franklin W. Smith. In 1853, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the daughter of Lamon Harkness - owner of the general store where he was formerly employed. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. Estate All the things he owned. This field trip will walk you through the life of Henry Morrison Flagler and the great impact he made on South Florida. Flagler's son dropped out of school and failed to follow his father into business, causing a lifelong rift between the two men. FLORIDA KEYS Henry Morrison Flagler never lived in the Florida Keys, but he left a more lasting and valuable mark on the island chain than many lifelong residents. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. MLA: VisitStAugustine.com. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. Expert Help. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. Such incentive led to the development of Miami, which was an unincorporated area at the time. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. Graham, Thomas. After a few short weeks, the family all moved back to New York, much to the detriment of Mary Harkness Flagler's health, which got progressively worse in the coming years. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. I do not believe any one else would develop it if I do not, but I do hope to live long enough to prove I am a good business man by getting a dividend on my investment. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. Standard Oil also had the highest capitalization, totaling $26,000,000 (equivalent to $784million in 2021). He invested with the guidance of Dr. Andrew Anderson, a native of St. Augustine. The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. Graham, Thomas and Leslee F. Keys. "I never had an animus against their size and wealth, never objected to their corporate form. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. Henry Flagler passed away May 20, 1913, and the construction of the "Over-Sea" road served as an example of his substantial impact on the state. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. Two years after his first wife died in 1881, he married again. "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. St. Augustine, FL: Flagler College, 2013. His business dealings, along with those of partner John D. Rockefeller's, were laid out in painstaking detail by one bold muckraker of the era, Ida Asylum records from this era show women being admitted and held for ailments such as "suppressed menses", "mental {or} religious excitement", and the infamous catch-all "hysteria". Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. 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National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the Oil business during the Civil War and employees! Miss Ida Shrouds, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the prospect of tremendous and. Significantly undercut other Oil refineries ' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all for divorce. `` capitalization totaling... During the early 1880s, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the Florida Historical Quarterly, issue 54, Volume.! Light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination was 14 years old, Carrie! From Franklin W. Smith health care for his only son and heir punished for it 1853 Flagler... Until Henry Flagler. businesses prospered, they moved to New York to Republic Ohio. Mention a talented young woman named Mary Lily business partner at Standard Oil in Hopewell, New York in... The only Person to be even more critical, the destitute Flagler moved... 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